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Gap-junction-mediated cell-to-cell communication

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Abstract

Cells of multicellular organisms need to communicate with each other and have evolved various mechanisms for this purpose, the most direct and quickest of which is through channels that directly connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. Such intercellular channels span the two plasma membranes and the intercellular space and result from the docking of two hemichannels. These channels are densely packed into plasma-membrane spatial microdomains termed “gap junctions” and allow cells to exchange ions and small molecules directly. A hemichannel is a hexameric torus of junctional proteins around an aqueous pore. Vertebrates express two families of gap-junction proteins: the well-characterized connexins and the more recently discovered pannexins, the latter being related to invertebrate innexins (“invertebrate connexins”). Some gap-junctional hemichannels also appear to mediate cell-extracellular communication. Communicating junctions play crucial roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, morphogenesis, cell differentiation and growth control in metazoans. Gap-junctional channels are not passive conduits, as previously long regarded, but use “gating” mechanisms to open and close the central pore in response to biological stimuli (e.g. a change in the transjunctional voltage). Their permeability is finely tuned by complex mechanisms that have just begun to be identified. Given their ubiquity and diversity, gap junctions play crucial roles in a plethora of functions and their dysfunctions are involved in a wide range of diseases. However, the exact mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, FRE3511, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, 86022, France

    Jean-Claude Hervé

  2. INSERM, UMR 1087, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France

    Mickaël Derangeon

  3. CNRS, UMR 6291, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France

    Mickaël Derangeon

  4. Université de Nantes, Nantes, France

    Mickaël Derangeon

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  1. Jean-Claude Hervé
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  2. Mickaël Derangeon
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Correspondence to Jean-Claude Hervé.

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Hervé, JC., Derangeon, M. Gap-junction-mediated cell-to-cell communication. Cell Tissue Res 352, 21–31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-012-1485-6

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