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Haemocyte apoptosis as a general cellular immune response of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to a toxicant

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Abstract

The effects of a xenobiotic on the circulating haemocytes of Lymnaea stagnalis were investigated after short-term (24 h, 96 h) and long-term (504 h) exposure of snails to environmental concentrations. Fomesafen, a pro-oxidant generator led to the activation of the haemocyte apoptotic program by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells entering apoptosis underwent a series of events, both on the plasma membrane and in the mitochondria; these events were quantified by flow cytofluorometry. The data showed a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), which was dose-dependent and time-dependent and related to an increased release of superoxide anions. The phosphatidylserine that was exposed at the outer plasma membrane was not related to the disruption of either ROS or Δψm but was strongly correlated with the haemocyte concentration (total haemocyte count). This cascade of apoptotic processes occurred in a dose-independent manner and was not strengthened over time. The increase of circulating haemocytes depended upon the life span of the cells and might have reflected either facilitated cell turn-over or the accompanying presence of haemocytes phagocytosing apoptotic cells.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the members of the INRA laboratory, Ecotoxicologie Aquatique, Rennes, to Dr. L. Lagadic for his knowledge in toxicology, to M. Hedorff for her helpful technical assistance and to D. Azam and the U3E technical staff for providing animals. We owe special thanks to M.C. Martin for technical assistance (Université Rennes 1, UMR 6553) and to P. Charbonnier (Immunologie cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes) for flow cytometric analysis. We are also grateful to Prof. I. Couée (UMR CNRS 6553, Université Rennes 1) and Dr. M. Bréhelin (UMR-UMI 1133, Université Montpellier 2) who critically read the manuscript and provided useful comments

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  1. UMR 6553 Ecobio, Equipe Evolution des Histoires de Vie, CNRS Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, France

    Jacqueline Russo & Luc Madec

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  1. Jacqueline Russo
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  2. Luc Madec
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Correspondence to Jacqueline Russo.

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Russo, J., Madec, L. Haemocyte apoptosis as a general cellular immune response of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to a toxicant. Cell Tissue Res 328, 431–441 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-006-0353-7

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