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Inheritance and molecular mapping of solitary/cluster fruit-bearing habit in Luffa

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Abstract

Fruiting behaviour and sex form are important goals for Luffa breeders and this study aimed to shed light upon inheritance patterns for both these traits. The hermaphrodite form of Luffa acutangula (known as Satputia) is an underutilized vegetable with a unique clustered fruiting habit. Its desirable traits, such as plant architecture, earliness, as well as contrasting traits like unique clustered fruiting, bisexual flower, and crossability with Luffa acutangula (monoecious ridge gourd with solitary fruits), make it a potential source for trait improvement and mapping of desirable traits in Luffa. In the present study, we have elucidated the inheritance pattern of fruiting behaviour in Luffa using F2 mapping population generated from a cross between Pusa Nutan (Luffa acutangula, monoecious, solitary fruiting) × DSat-116 (Luffa acutangula, hermaphrodite, cluster fruiting). In F2 generation, the observed distribution of plant phenotypes fitted in the expected ratio of 3:1 (solitary vs cluster) for fruit-bearing habit. This is the first report of monogenic recessive control for cluster fruit-bearing habit in Luffa. Herein, we designate for the first time the gene symbol cl for cluster fruit bearing in Luffa. Linkage analysis revealed that SRAP marker ME10 EM4-280 was linked to the fruiting trait at the distance of 4.6 cM from the Cl locus. In addition, the inheritance pattern of hermaphrodite sex form in Luffa was also studied in the F2 population of Pusa Nutan × DSat-116 that segregated into 9:3:3:1 ratio (monoecious:andromonoecious:gynoecious:hermaphrodite), suggesting a digenic recessive control of hermaphrodite sex form in Luffa, which was further confirmed by the test cross. The inheritance and identification of molecular marker for cluster fruiting trait provides a basis for breeding in Luffa species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi; Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi and Head, Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi for providing facilities for conducting the experiments. Assistance from Mr. Sudarshan and Mr. Ved Dixit during the study is acknowledged.

Funding

The funding provided by ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute for conducting this study is gratefully acknowledged. NDB acknowledge the financial support from Ministry of Minority Affairs, Govt. of India for providing Maulana Azad National Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, 791102, India

    Nangsol D. Bhutia

  2. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Amish K. Sureja, S. Gopala Krishnan & Anilabha Das Munshi

  3. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Manjusha Verma, Lalit Arya & Rakesh Bhardwaj

  4. ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Prasanta K. Dash

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  1. Nangsol D. Bhutia
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Contributions

NDB: field experiments; molecular analysis; validation; data curation; writing—original draft. AKS: conceptualization; methodology; resources; supervision; project administration; writing—review and editing. MV: methodology; supervision; formal analysis; writing—review and editing. SGK: conceptualization; methodology. LA: resources; formal analysis. RB: formal analysis; writing—review and editing. PKD: methodology; formal analysis. ADM: conceptualization; methodology; contribution of experimental materials. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Amish K. Sureja.

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Bhutia, N.D., Sureja, A.K., Verma, M. et al. Inheritance and molecular mapping of solitary/cluster fruit-bearing habit in Luffa. Mol Genet Genomics 298, 995–1006 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-023-02034-0

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