Abstract
The apple is a highly perishable fruit after harvesting and, therefore, several storage technologies have been studied to provide the consumer market with a quality product with a longer shelf life. However, little is known about the apple genome that is submitted to the storage, and even less with the application of ripening inhibitors. Due to these factors, this study sought to elucidate the transcriptional profile of apple cultivate Gala stored in a controlled atmosphere (AC) treated and not treated with 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP). Through the genetic mapping of the apple, applying the microarray technique, it was possible to verify the action of treatments on transcripts related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, response to hormonal stimuli, nucleic acid metabolism, reduction of oxidation, regulation of transcription and metabolism of cell wall and lipids. The results showed that the transcriptional profile in the entire genome of the fruit showed significant differences in the relative expression of the gene, this in response to CA in the presence and absence of 1-MCP. It should be noted that the transcription genes involved in the anabolic pathway were only maintained after six months in fruits treated with 1-MCP. The data in this work suggests that the apple in the absence of 1-MCP begins to prepare its metabolism to mature, even during the storage period in AC. Meanwhile, in the presence of the inhibitor, the transcriptional profile of the fruit is similar to that at the time of harvest. It was also found that a set of genes that code for ethylene receptors, auxin homeostasis, MADS Box, and NAC transcription factors may be involved in the regulation of post-harvest ripening after storage and in the absence of 1-MCP.
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Abbreviations
- H:
-
Harvest
- CA:
-
Controlled atmosphere
- MCP:
-
1-Methylcyclopropene
- TA:
-
Titratable acidity
- SSC:
-
Soluble solids contents
- RT:
-
Room temperature
- Cy3:
-
Cyanine-3
- Cy5:
-
Cyanine-5
- BH:
-
Benjamini-Hochberg
- GDR:
-
Genome database for Rosaceae
- FDR:
-
False discovery rate
- GO:
-
Gene ontology
- RT-qPCR:
-
Reverse transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
- DET:
-
Differentially expressed transcripts
- CDs:
-
Coding sequences
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Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thank Mr. Nelson Balardin for providing access and authorizing apple sample collections from his commercial orchard. Thanks to Anne-Sophie Poisson, Marie-Charlotte Guillou and Maryline Cournol-Bruneau for their skillful technical assistance.
Funding
The work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 306771/2014-4 and 441856/2014), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa, 02.13.05.014.00.00), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/Embrapa, 99999.014159/2013-09 and 15/2014).
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CFPN and IRO participated in the design, performed physiological and gene expression analyses, performed statistical data analyses, and drafted the manuscript. TTS assisted in the physiological analyses, gene expression analyses and drafted the manuscript. MO-B, J-PR and FL participated in gene expression analyses. CVR and CLG designed the experiments and drafted the manuscript.
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Nunes, C.F.P., de Oliveira, I.R., Storch, T.T. et al. Technical benefit on apple fruit of controlled atmosphere influenced by 1-MCP at molecular levels. Mol Genet Genomics 295, 1443–1457 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01712-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01712-7