Abstract
The lifecycle of Brachymeria podagrica, a parasitic wasp with a worldwide distribution, was studied under laboratory conditions using the flesh fly, Sarcophaga dux, as a host. Two hundred parasite-free 3rd instars of S. dux were exposed for 24 h to 20 female B. podagrica. In daily intervals, maggots and later pupae were examined for developmental stages of the parasitoid. The whole pre-imaginal development at a temperature of 26 °C lasted 21 to 26 days. Three morphologically different instars, followed by a prepupal and a pupal stage, were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. In a second experiment with 100 3rd stage Sarcophaga larvae and 10 parasitoids, a total of 70 wasps emerged 20 to 25 days after exposure. Two fly larvae did not pupate and dried out, while 28 pupae contained a dry or caseous content, dead wasp imagos, or their larval stages. No fly imagines emerged from exposed groups, while all 100 unexposed larvae pupated and adults eclosed between day 12 and day 14 after the start of the experiment, while the imagoes of the parasitoids appeared 8 to 12 days later.
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In this paper, the author named the species Chalcis fonscolombei.
In this paper, the author named the species Brachymeria fonscolombei which is according to Delvare and Huchet (2017) considered one of the 26 synonyms of B. podagrica.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are very grateful to Mrs. Viertel from Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany, for excellent technical assistance with scanning electron microscopy. Special thanks go to Prof. Dr. S. Rehbein from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Rohrdorf, Germany, for his help in the acquisition of historical literature sources. The authors thank Dr. El-Mahi El-Tilib Gubran and his colleagues from the pest control section of Dubai Municipality for the determination of the Sarcophagidae eclosed from the pupae of the control group.
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R. Schuster: study design, light microscopy, and manuscript; G. Wibbelt: scanning electron microscopy and manuscript; S. Sivakumar: insectary work, light microscopy, and measurements.
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Schuster, R.K., Wibbelt, G. & Sivakumar, S. On the life cycle of Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) – a parasitoid of sacrophagid, calliphorid, and muscid flies. Parasitol Res 122, 1317–1325 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07831-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07831-5