Abstract
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are being promoted by World Health Organization (WHO) as key vector control tool for the prevention and control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy of a new alphacypermethrin LN (HILNET®) against insecticide-susceptible Anopheles culicifacies s.l.. This study presents the observations on (a) regeneration time, the period required to regenerate insecticide in the LLIN after three consecutive WHO standard washes in a single day to deplete the insecticide on the net surface, and (b) wash resistance of the LLIN to retain bio-efficacy up to 20 repeated washes at intervals corresponding to the regeneration time in days. In the present evaluation, the regeneration time of HILNet® was determined as 2 days. Wash resistance studies of HILNet® showed a knockdown rate of 100% up to 15 washes and 97% at the 20th wash and complied with the criteria of WHO knockdown rate of ≥ 95%. The mean active ingredient content from 0 to 20 washes was in the range of 5.8 to 6.04 g/kg and met the WHO criteria of the product claim (± 25% g/kg). The insecticide un-impregnated control net has shown no detectable levels of alphacypermethrin. In this evaluation, HILNet® fulfilled the WHO laboratory (phase I) efficacy criteria based on the rates of knockdown up to 20 standard WHO washes.
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Acknowledgements
Authors’ thank Director, ICMR-NIMR for the support in conducting the study. Authors acknowlewdge Ms Sanchita Jain, Mr V.P. Singh, Mr Varun, Mr Rajinder Singh, and Mr Vinod Kumar for the technical support for conduct of the study.
Funding
The funding for the study was provided by the sponsor M/S HIL (India) Ltd, New Delhi. The funders are not involved in the design of the study and interpretation of data and in writing of this manuscript but funders given their approval to publish this study.
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VV and RK conducted the study. VV and DK analyzed the data and prepared the illusrations. VV, RK, and MR drafted the MS. All authors saw the draft and approved it.
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The approval for conducting the study was taken from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi on 08th August, 2019 (File No:5/8– 7(224)/2016/ECD-II Dated 8th August, 2019). Institutional Animal Ethics Committee clearance was obtained for feeding mosquitoes on rabbit for colonization in Insectary.
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The permission to publish this manuscript was taken by Research Ethics Committee of ICMR-National Institute for Malaria Research, Delhi, India with approval number RIC-54/2021.
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Verma, V., Rahi, M., K., D. et al. Laboratory evaluation of a new alphacypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies s.l.. Parasitol Res 121, 2725–2731 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07604-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07604-6