Abstract
Following the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the number of visceral leishmaniasis-HIV (VL-HIV) coinfections has increased worldwide, mainly in Brazil. The development of clinical forms of VL can be influenced by nutritional status, age, and host genetic factors, which are important variables determining susceptibility to disease. There are no studies with a candidate gene approach assayed directly in the VL-HIV-coinfected population. Herein, we determined and analyzed the associations of SLC11A1, LECT2, CCL1, CCL16, and IL4 genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to VL-HIV coinfection in Northeastern Brazil. We analyzed 309 DNA samples extracted from the peripheral blood of HIV patients, and clinical and hematological data were collected from medical records. The diagnosis of VL was confirmed in 110 out of 309 patients; genotyping was carried out by TaqMan assays afterwards. Our results confirmed the association between the SLC11A1 polymorphism (rs3731865) and VL-HIV coinfection (p = 0.0206, OR 1.8126, 95% CI 1.1050–2.9727). In addition, the SLC11A1 genotype GG (p = 0.0050, OR 3.0395, 95% CI 1.4065–6.5789) and CD4+ T lymphocyte count (p = 0.0030, OR 0.9980, 95% CI 0.9970–0.9990) were associated with VL-HIV coinfection in a multivariate model. The polymorphism of the SLC11A1 gene (rs3731865) was associated with VL-HIV coinfection, suggesting a possible genetic mechanism involved in the susceptibility to VL in HIV patients. This finding can suggest new therapeutic targets and genetic markers for the VL-HIV-coinfected population.
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We would like to thank the staff of Universidade do Vale do São Francisco for their support.
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Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior was fully involved in this research, including collecting the data, performing the molecular techniques (genotyping), conducting the statistical analysis, and writing this manuscript. Alda Maria Justo and Ana Maria Aguiar dos Santos conducted sample, and clinical and hematological data collection from medical records. Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo and Fábio Lopes de Melo were responsible for supervising the methodology. Luydson Richardson Silva Vasconcelos was responsible for supervising the methodology and participating in the statistical analyses. Zulma Maria de Medeiros supervised the study methodology and the overall conduct of this research. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of this manuscript.
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This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco [FACEPE (APQ 1712-4.01/15)] and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) [(PAPES VII - Processo (401857/2015-8)].
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Peripheral blood samples were collected with informed consent over the course of 6 years (2012–2017). The Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (CAAE no. 61218816.1.0000.5190) approved the study.
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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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Barbosa Júnior, W.L., Justo, A.M., dos Santos, A.M.A. et al. SLC11A1 (rs3731865) polymorphism and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients from Northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 119, 491–499 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06596-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06596-0