Abstract
We describe three new Henneguya spp. (Myxobolidae) found parasitizing two species of cichlid fish from the Amazon basin, Brazil: H. tucunarei n. sp. from gill filaments of Cichla monoculus and H. tapajoensis n. sp. from gill filaments of Cichla pinima, both from the Tapajós River, Pará State and H. jariensis n. sp. in the fins of Cichla monoculus from the Jari River, Amapá State. We based descriptions on myxospore morphology and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences, and used a phylogenetic analysis to compare the new Henneguya species with known relatives. Spores of the three species had similar morphology and morphometrics, but differed molecularly 5–7.5%, and were no more than 94% similar to any other sequence in GenBank. Together with having different hosts, these data supported the diagnosis of the parasites as distinct, novel species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses showed that H. tucunarei n. sp., H. tapajoensis n. sp., and H. jariensis n. sp. plus Henneguya paraensis (which parasitizes Cichla temensis) formed a well-supported sub-clade of Henneguya parasites of cichlids from the Amazon basin, in a lineage sister to those in characiforms hosts. Our analysis was consistent with previous studies that suggest that aquatic environment and vertebrate host group are the strongest correlates with phylogenetic signals in the Myxobolidae.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. Dr. Lincoln Corrêa (UFOPA), Prof. Dr. Marcos Tavares-Dias, and Marcos Oliveira for assistance with fieldwork; the fishermen of the communities of Jari do Socorro; Santarém, Pará State; and of Jarilândia, Amapá State, for their local knowledge of fish availability and provision of material for study; and Prof. Dr. Regina Maura Bueno Franco (UNICAMP) for providing some of the equipment used in this study.
Funding
Part of this research was conducted while SAZ was a visiting scholar at Oregon State University, USA, which was sponsored by the CAPES Foundation within the Ministry of Education, Brazil (grant n. BEX–6729/2015-00). SAZ was also supported by a Ph.D. scholarship provided by CAPES to UNICAMP. This study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation–FAPESP (Procs. n. 2016/22047 to EAA). EAA received a research productivity grant from the Brazilian Fostering Agency CNPq (Proc. n. 301886/2016-4).
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Fig. S1
Consensus ML phylogenetic tree using ssrDNA sequences of selected Myxobolus/Henneguya species, under GTR+G model. GenBank accession numbers are given in parenthesis. Nodal supports are indicated for ML with a bootstrap of 1000 replicates. Values for weakly supported nodes (< 50) are not shown. Asterisk corresponds to the African cichlids (Abdel-Gaber et al. 2017). Scale is 0.20. (GIF 1179 kb)
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Zatti, S.A., Atkinson, S.D., Maia, A.A.M. et al. Novel Henneguya spp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from cichlid fish in the Amazon basin cluster by geographic origin. Parasitol Res 117, 849–859 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5762-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5762-5