Abstract
As evidence is growing that in many temperate areas paramphistome infections are becoming more common and widespread, this study was undertaken to determine the role of deer as reservoirs for rumen fluke infections in livestock. A total of 144 deer faecal samples (88 from fallow deer, 32 from red deer and 24 samples from sika, sika/red deer hybrids) were screened for the presence of fluke eggs. Based on the ITS-2 rDNA locus plus flanking 5.8S and 28S sequences (ITS-2+), fluke eggs were identified to species level. Our results indicate that, of the 3 deer species, fallow deer had the highest fluke infection rates. Two rumen fluke species, Calicophoron daubneyi and Paramphistomum leydeni, with morphologically distinct eggs, were identified. Concurrent infections of the two paramphistome species and liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, were common. Considering the comparatively low egg burdens observed in this study, it is unlikely that deer represent a significant source of infection for Irish livestock.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Coillte Ireland and the farm/land owners and managers for facilitating the sample collection and Paralabs (Portumna, Co Galway) for providing financial support.
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The authors declare no competing interests.
Statement of human and animal rights
The work did not involve animal handling and was therefore exempt from ethical review and licencing. No human data or samples were collected.
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O’Toole, A., Browne, J.A., Hogan, S. et al. Identity of rumen fluke in deer. Parasitol Res 113, 4097–4103 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4078-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4078-3