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Trypanosoma cruzi-secreted vesicles have acid and alkaline phosphatase activities capable of increasing parasite adhesion and infection

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Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi virulence factors include molecules expressed on the cell surface as well as those secreted or shed into the extracellular medium. Phosphatase activities modulate different aspects of T. cruzi infection, although no studies to date addressed the presence and activity of phosphatases in vesicles secreted by this parasite. Here, we characterized acidic and alkaline secreted phosphatase activities of human-infective trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi from the Y strain and the CL-Brener clone. These are widely studied T. cruzi strains that represent “opposite ends of the spectrum” regarding both in vitro and in vivo behavior. Ecto-phosphatase activities were determined in live parasites, and secreted phosphatase activities were analyzed in soluble protein (SP) and vesicular membrane fractions (VFs) of parasite-conditioned medium. Our analysis using different phosphatase inhibitors strongly suggests that vesicles secreted by Y strain (VFY) and CL-Brener (VFCLB) trypomastigotes are derived mostly from the cell surface and from exosome secretion, respectively. Importantly, our results show that the acid phosphatase activities in vesicles secreted by trypomastigotes are largely responsible for the VF-induced increase in adhesion of Y strain parasites to host cells and also for the VF-induced increase in host cell infection by CL-Brener trypomastigotes.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Venício Féo da Veiga and Tarcísio Corrêa for their valuable technical assistance. This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).

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  1. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Roberta F. C. Neves, Anne C. S Fernandes & Thais Souto-Padrón

  2. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    José R Meyer-Fernandes

  3. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem—INBEB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil

    Roberta F. C. Neves, Anne C. S Fernandes, José R Meyer-Fernandes & Thais Souto-Padrón

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  1. Roberta F. C. Neves
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Supplementary Fig S1

Flow cytometry viability assay. Control trypomastigotes (CTY and CTCLB) and parasites recovered from shedding assays (STY and STCLB) were incubated with propidium iodide (PI) and analysed by flow cytometry. No significant loss of cell viability of trypomastigotes was observed after shedding period (3h) comparing with the negative control (CT without PI) and the positive control (CTtreated with0.1% Saponin and incubated withPI). (TIFF 226 kb)

High resolution image (GIF 93 kb)

Supplementary Fig S2

Comparison of Mg2+-independent acid (A) and alkaline (B) phosphatase activities form T. cruzi trypomastigotes of the Y strain (black) and the CL-Brenerclone (white) using p-NPP (5mM) as a substrate. The reaction was performedfor 1h at 26 °C, at pH values of 6.5 and 8.5. All results represent mean values ± SE from at least three independent experiments. Different letters represent statistically significant differencesbetween groups (p≤ 0.05). (TIFF 298 kb)

High resolution image (GIF 27 kb)

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Neves, R.F.C., Fernandes, A.C.S., Meyer-Fernandes, J.R. et al. Trypanosoma cruzi-secreted vesicles have acid and alkaline phosphatase activities capable of increasing parasite adhesion and infection. Parasitol Res 113, 2961–2972 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-3958-x

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