Abstract
During an epidemiological survey for Paragonimus and paragonimosis in northern Vietnam, we found extremely large excysted metacercariae (2.50 ± 0.14 mm in length and 0.72 ± 0.08 mm in width; mean ± standard deviation of 20 samples) in mountainous crabs, Potamiscus mieni. Adult worms were successfully obtained by intraperitoneal injection with those large excysted metacercariae in a cat. Morphological and morphometric data of those large excysted metacercariae and the adult worms derived from them are identical to those of Paragonimus proliferus found in Yunnan province, China. However, when second internal transcribed spacer region and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences of those metacercariae and adult worms were compared with those of known Paragonimus spp. deposited in the GenBank, they were almost completely identical to those of Paragonimus hokuoensis metacercariae in China, of which adult worms have never been reported. This is the first record of P. proliferus in Vietnam and the first record from outside of China. Phylogenetic relationship between P. proliferus and P. hokuoensis is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blair D, Agatsuma T, Watanobe T (1997) Molecular evidence for the synonymy of three species of Paragonimus, P. ohirai Miyazaki, 1939, P. iloktsuenensis Chen, 1940 and P. sadoensis Miyazaki et al., 1968. J Helminthol 71:305–310
Blair D, Xu ZB, Agatsuma T (1999) Paragonimiasis and the genus Paragonimus. Adv Parasitol 42:113–222
Blair D, Chang Z, Chen M, Cui A, Wu B, Agatsuma T, Iwagami M, Corrlis D, Fu C, Zhan X (2005) Paragonimus skrjabini Chen, 1959 (Digenea: Paragonimidae) and related species in eastern Asia: a combined molecular and morphological approach to identification and taxonomy. Syst Parasitol 60:1–21
Bowles J, McManus DP (1993) Rapid discrimination of Echinococcus species and strains using a polymerase chain reaction-based RFLP method. Mol Biochem Parasitol 57:231–240
Bowles J, Hope M, Tiu WU, Liu SX, McManus DP (1993) Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers highly conserved between Chinese and Philippine Schistosoma japonicum. Acta Trop 55:217–229
Chung HL, Ho LY, Cheng LT, Tsao WC (1964) The discovery in Yunnan province of 2 new species of lung flukes—Paragonimus tuanshanensis sp. nov. and Paragonimus menglaensis sp. nov. Part I. Study on morphology and life history with discussion on possible pathogenicity to man. Chin Med J 83:641–659
Chung HL, Ho LY, Tsao WC, Hsu CP, Kao PC (1975) On the metacercariae of some Paragonimus species and other trematodes found in Chinese freshwater crabs. Acta Zool Sin 21:155–165
Cui AL, Chang ZS, Chen MG, Blair D, Chen SH, Zhang YN, Feng Z (2003) Taxonomic status in DNA sequences of fie species of genus Paragonimus. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 21:27–30
De NV, Cong LD, Chau LV, Son DT, Vien HV, Chuyen LT, Kino H, Sano M, Hien DD, Long NN (2001) Epidology, pathogen, diagnosis and treatment of paragonimiasis in some northern provinces of Vietnam (in Vietnamese).Proc Inst Malaria-Parasitol Insects.594–600
Doanh PN, Le NT, The DT (2005) Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Vietnam. Asian Parasitol 1:149–153
Doanh PN, Shinohara A, Horii Y, Habe S, Nawa Y, The DT, Le NT (2007a) Morphological and molecular identification of two Paragonimus spp., of which metacercariae concurrently found in a land crab, Potamiscus tannanti, collected in Yenbai Province, Vietnam. Parasitol Res 100:1075–82
Doanh PN, Shinohara A, Horii Y, Habe S, Nawa Y, Le NT (2007b) Description of a new lung fluke species, Paragonimus vietnamensis sp. nov. (Trematoda: Paragonimidae), found in northern Vietnam. Parasitol Res 101:1495–1501
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 36:783–791
Ho LY, Cung HL, Chou Tsao WC, Zheng LZ, Yang Y (1965) Investigations of paragonimiasis in Yunnan Province. IV. Observations on Paragonimus metacercariae in crabs in Hokuo County and Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture. Summary of Proceedings for the 30th Anniversary of China Society of Zoology Science Publishing House, Beijing, p 67
Hsia DG, Chen HT (1964) A preliminary report on new species of Paragonimus proliferus and P. cheni. J Zhongshan Univ 2:237–238
Iwagami M, Monroy C, Rosas MA, Pinto MR, Guevara AG, Vieira JC, Agatsuma Y, Agatsuma T (2003) A molecular phylogeographic study based on DNA sequences from individual metacercariae of Paragonimus mexicanus from Guatemala and Ecuador. J Helminthol 77:33–8
Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120
Kino H, De NV, Vien HV, Chuyen LT, Sano M (1995) Paragonimus heterotremus Chen et Hsia, 1964 found from a dog in Vietnam. Jpn J Parasitol 44:470–472
Le TH, De NV, Blair D, McManus DP, Kino H, Agatsuma T (2006) Paragonimus heterotremus Chen et Hsia, 1964 in Vietnam: A molecular identification and relationships of isolates from different hosts and geographical origins. Acta Trop 98:25–33
Miyazaki I (1974) Lung flukes in the world—Morphology and life history. A symposium on Epidemiology of parasitic diseases. Tokyo International Medical Foundation of Japan, Tokyo, pp 101–135
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Swofford DL (2001) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), Version 4.0b8. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24:4876–4882
Vien CV (1997) Some results of research on epidology, parasite, pathogen and prevention of paragonimiasis in Sinho-Laichau (in Vietnamese). Proc Conf Sci-Technol-Env V North Mountainous Provinces 5:81–84
Zhou BJ (2004) Studies on Paragonimus proliferus. Chin J Parasitol Parasitic Dis 22:109–112
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Prof. Zhou Ben-jang, Department of Parasitology, Kunming Medical College, for confirmation of morphological identification of P. proliferus. Special thanks go to Dr. David Blair, James Cook University, for providing us with valuable information on Paragonimus spp., in China. One of the authors, Pham Ngoc Doanh, received financial support from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) Ronpaku Fellowship No. NCST-10430 for a Ph.D. degree.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Doanh, P.N., Shinohara, A., Horii, Y. et al. Discovery of Paragonimus proliferus in Northern Vietnam and their molecular phylogenetic status among genus Paragonimus . Parasitol Res 102, 677–683 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0811-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0811-5