Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking method of treating malignancies. However, cancer immunotherapy can only benefit a small percentage of patients, and the numerous side effects that might develop during treatment reduce its effectiveness or even put patients' lives in jeopardy. Surprisingly, the gut microbiome Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) can significantly inhibit carcinogenesis and improve anti-tumor effects, thus increasing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy and decreasing the likelihood of side effects. In this review, we focus on the effects of A. muciniphila on the human immune system and the positive impacts of A. muciniphila on cancer immunotherapy, which can build on strengths and improve weaknesses of cancer immunotherapy. The potential clinical applications of A. muciniphila on cancer immunotherapy are also proposed, which have great prospects for anti-tumor therapy.
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Abbreviations
- A. muciniphila :
-
Akkermansia muciniphila
- IL-2:
-
Interleukin 2
- RCC:
-
Renal cell carcinoma
- ICIs:
-
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
- ACT:
-
Adoptive cell therapy
- irAEs:
-
Immune-related adverse events
- PD-1:
-
Programmed death receptor 1
- PD-L1:
-
Programmed death ligand 1
- CTLA-4:
-
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- UC:
-
Urothelial carcinoma
- TNBC:
-
Triple-negative breast cancer
- OS:
-
Overall survival
- PFS:
-
Progression-free survival
- HER2:
-
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- IFN-γ:
-
Interferon-γ
- CAR:
-
Chimeric antigen receptor T
- NSCLC:
-
Non-small-cell lung cancer
- gp 100:
-
Glycoprotein 100
- MSI-H:
-
Microsatellite-instability-high
- dMMR:
-
Mismatch repair-deficient
- mCRC:
-
Metastatic colorectal cancer
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- CPS:
-
Combined positive score
- ES-SCLC:
-
Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer
- CRC:
-
Colorectal cancer
- TME:
-
Tumor microenvironment
- FMT:
-
Fecal microbiota transplantation
- ESMO:
-
European Society for Medical Oncology
- CPG:
-
Clinical Practice Guideline
- TGF-β:
-
Transforming growth factor-β
- CRS:
-
Cytokine release syndrome
- ICANS:
-
Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome
- CAR-T:
-
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy
- Treg:
-
Regulatory T cell
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- PBMCs:
-
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- IgG1:
-
Immunoglobulin G1
- IgA:
-
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- TFH :
-
T follicular helper
- HFD:
-
High-fat diet
- FLD:
-
Fatty liver disease
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- Muc2:
-
Mucin2
- p53:
-
Protein 53
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- TRAIL:
-
Tumor-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Akk-EVs:
-
A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles
- PCa:
-
Prostate cancer
- GZMB:
-
Granzyme B
- CD8:
-
Cluster of differentiation 8
- Fiaf:
-
Fasting-induced adipose factor
- Gpr43:
-
G protein-coupled receptor 43
- HDACs:
-
Histone deacetylases
- PPARγ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- SREBP:
-
Sterol regulatory element binding protein
- Th1:
-
T helper 1
- DCs:
-
Dendritic cells
- Foxp3:
-
Forkhead box protein P3
- TME:
-
Tumor microenvironment
- CXCR3:
-
CXC-chemokine receptor 3
- TAMs:
-
Tumor-associated macrophages
- STING:
-
Stimulator of interferon genes
- cdAMP:
-
Cyclic diadenylate AMP
- IFN-I:
-
Type I interferon
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- DC:
-
Dendritic cell
- XCL1:
-
C-chemokine ligand 1
- CCL5:
-
CC-chemokine ligand 5
- IL-15R:
-
Interleukin 15 receptor
- CDDP:
-
Cisplatin
- Fas:
-
Factor-associated suicide
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This work was supported by grants from the Graduate Research- Innovation Project in Jiangsu province (SJCX22_1816), the Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Plan of Graduate Education Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province (No. SJCX211644), Social development project of key R & D plan of Jiangsu Provincial Department of science and technology (BE2022773), and Hospital level management project of Subei People's Hospital YYGL202228, the Social Development-Health Care Project of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province (No. YZ2021075).
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Fan, S., Jiang, Z., Zhang, Z. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila: a potential booster to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 13477–13494 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05199-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05199-8