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Near-infrared system’s efficiency for peripheral intravenous cannulation in a level III neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Venipuncture is a painful and invasive procedure for hospitalised newborns and represents a challenge for neonatal healthcare professionals. This study evaluated the most efficient cannulation method based on the proportion of success at the first attempt, standard care or near-infrared (NIR) device use, and pain assessment. An observational study with two arms was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary-care university hospital in Italy. All newborns undergoing peripheral vein cannulation and only nurses with more than 5 years of professional experience in the NICU were eligible for the first arm. Only newborns with a body weight of >2500 g at cannulation and all nurses working in the NICU were involved in the second arm. In the first arm of the study, no statistically significant differences between the NIR and control groups were found in terms of proportion of successful at the first attempt 60.6% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 48.8; 72.4) vs. 56.1% (CI 95%: 44.1; 68.0) and the mean premature infant pain profile score 6.3 (CI 95%: 5.4–7.1) vs. 5.8 (CI 95%: 5.0–6.6). In the second arm, only among less experienced nurses (<1 year), we observed a significant increase in the proportion of success in the NIR group compared with the control group, nearly tripling the success rate (72.7% [54.1; 91.3] vs. 23.1% [0.2; 46.0]).

  Conclusion: This study reported no differences between the NIR and control groups. The results also suggest that using a NIR device may be advantageous for healthcare professionals with less experience during first-time cannulation.

What is Known:

• Venipuncture is a painful procedure commonly used to place a peripheral venous catheter for administering nutrients or drugs.

• Near-infrared light facilitates the visualisation of veins and consequently, the performance of cannulation in the paediatric population.

What is New:

• The near-infrared light device was not associated with fewer attempts and a lower premature infant pain profile score in placing venous access in newborns than the traditional method.

• The near-infrared light device could help nurses with less professional experience place a peripheral venous catheter.

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Abbreviations

DIVA:

Difficult intravenous access

NIR:

Near-infrared light

NICU:

Neonatal intensive care unit

PIPP:

Premature infant pain profile

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all the nurses of the NICU of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy

    Silvia Ferrario, Gabriele Sorrentino, Giacomo Cavallaro, Silvia Traina, Salvatore Muscolo, Alessandro Agosteo, Germana Santini, Elisa Lagostina, Fabio Mosca & Laura Plevani

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Laboratory “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Ivan Cortinovis

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 19, 20122, Milan, Italy

    Fabio Mosca

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  1. Silvia Ferrario
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Contributions

SM, GC, and LP contributed to the study’s conception and design; SM, ST, SF, AA, GS, and EL acquired data; SF and GS wrote the first draft of the manuscript; IC calculated the sample size and performed the statistical analysis; GC, LP, and FM provided extensive critical revision. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript and have read and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Silvia Ferrario.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee (Milan Area 2, Italy) with reference number 920/2012.

Consent to participate

The parents of the newborns provided written informed consent for participating.

Consent for publication

The parents of the newborns provided written informed consent for publishing the results.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Communicated by Daniele De Luca

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Ferrario, S., Sorrentino, G., Cavallaro, G. et al. Near-infrared system’s efficiency for peripheral intravenous cannulation in a level III neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Pediatr 181, 2747–2755 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04480-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04480-1

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