Abstract
Main conclusion
PROG1 is necessary but insufficient for the main culm inclination while TAC1 partially takes part in it, and both genes promote tiller inclination in Asian wild rice.
Abstract
Asian wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), the ancestor of cultivated rice (O. sativa), has a prostrate architecture, with tillers branching from near the ground. The main culm of each plant grows upward and then tilts during the vegetative stage. Genes controlling tiller angle have been reported; however, their genetic contributions to the culm movement have not been quantified. Here, we quantified their genetic contributions to angular kinematics in the main culm and tillers. For the main culm inclination, one major QTL surrounding the PROG1 region was found. In cultivated rice, tillers firstly inclined and lately rose, while it kept inclining in wild rice. It was suggested that PROG1 affected the tiller elevation angle in the later kinematics, whereas TAC1 was weakly associated with the tiller angle in the whole vegetative stage. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) suggested that these angular changes are produced by the bending of culm bases. Because near-isogenic lines (NILs) of wild rice-type Prog1 and Tac1 alleles in the genetic background of cultivated rice did not show the prostrate architecture, the involvement of another gene(s) for inclination of the main culm was suggested. Our findings will not only contribute to the understanding of the morphological transition during domestication but also be used in plant breeding to precisely reproduce the ideal plant architecture by combining the effects of multiple genes.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- TAC1 :
-
TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1
- PROG1 :
-
PROSTRATE GROWTH 1
- micro-CT:
-
Micro-computed tomography
- RIL:
-
Recombinant inbred line
- QTL:
-
Quantitative trait locus
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Ms. S. Aoki, Ms. K. Iguchi, Mr. Y. Kotoku, Ms. Zin Mar Myint, Ms. S. Sasagawa, Ms. Y. Teraushi, and Mr. K. Yamaguchi for their technical assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows Grant Number 22J20329. Some of the rice accessions were provided by the National Institute of Genetics supported by the National Bioresource Project (NBRP), AMED, Japan. Computations were partially performed on the NIG supercomputer at ROIS National Institute of Genetics.
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YT and YKo: conceived the study; YT, MO, SK, KH, SO, and YKo: conducted the experiments; YT, MO, KO, and TI: produced genetic resources; YKi and YKo: supervised the study; YT, MO, and YKo: wrote the draft of the manuscript, and all the authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Tokuyama, Y., Omachi, M., Kushida, S. et al. Different contributions of PROG1 and TAC1 to the angular kinematics of the main culm and tillers of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). Planta 259, 19 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04300-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04300-2