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Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Due to harsh lifestyle changes, in the present era, nutritional security is needed along with food security so it is necessary to include underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) in our daily diet to counteract the rising danger of human metabolic illness. We can attain both the goal of zero hunger and nutritional security by developing improved UCCs using advanced pan-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, phenomics and ionomics) practices.

Abstract

Plant sciences research progressed profoundly since the last few decades with the introduction of advanced technologies and approaches, addressing issues of food demand of the growing population, nutritional security challenges and climate change. However, throughout the expansion and popularization of commonly consumed major cereal crops such as wheat and rice, other cereal crops such as millet, rye, sorghum, and others were impeded, despite their potential medicinal and nutraceutical qualities. Undoubtedly neglected underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) also have the capability to withstand diverse climate change. To relieve the burden of major crops, it is necessary to introduce the new crops in our diet in the way of UCCs. Introgression of agronomically and nutritionally important traits by pan-omics approaches in UCCs could be a defining moment for the population’s well-being on the globe. This review discusses the importance of underutilized cereal crops, as well as the application of contemporary omics techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools that could open up new avenues for future study and be valuable assets in the development and usage of UCCs in the perspective of green system biology. The increased and improved use of UCCs is dependent on number of factors that necessitate a concerted research effort in agricultural sciences. The emergence of functional genomics with molecular genetics might gear toward the reawakening of interest in underutilized cereals crops. The need of this era is to focus on potential UCCs in advanced agriculture and breeding programmes. Hence, targeting the UCCs, might provide a bright future for better health and scientific rationale for its use.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

MSR acknowledged the National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (GOI) for fellowship and providing necessary facilities to carry out the research work. MRS also acknowledged the Central University of Punjab (CUP), Bathinda for its collaborative research environment. We also acknowledge DeLCON (DBT-electronic library consortium), Gurugram, India to provide full text access of the research journal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India

    Mohammed Saba Rahim, Adarsh Kumar & Vinay Kumar

  2. National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India

    Mohammed Saba Rahim, Vinita Sharma,  Pragati Yadav, Afsana Parveen & Joy Roy

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MSR conceived the idea and designed the review, writing original draft; VS, PY, AP, AK, writing original draft and editing; JKR and VK Conceptualization and Supervision, writing–review and editing.

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Rahim, M.S., Sharma, V., Pragati Yadav et al. Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology. Planta 258, 91 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04242-9

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