Abstract
Main conclusion
Negatively charged carboxy-polystyrene (CPS) and positively charged amino-polystyrene (NPS) could significantly inhibit the biomass and flavonoid content of dandelion roots and leaves, and the inhibitory effect of NPS was stronger than that of CPS.
Abstract
The increasingly serious pollution of microplastics and heavy metals is likely to affect the efficacy of flavonoids synthesized by dandelion in natural medicine fields. Therefore, we combined hydroponic experiments with computational chemistry (Gaussian and autodock analysis) to explore the mechanism by which amino-polystyrene (NPS), carboxy-polystyrene (CPS), and lead affect the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in dandelion (Taraxacum asiaticum Dahlst). Our results show that CPS and NPS could significantly inhibit the biomass and flavonoid content of dandelion roots and leaves, and the inhibitory effect of NPS was stronger than that of CPS. Mechanistic studies showed that CPS and NPS increased the content of O2− and H2O2 in dandelion roots and leaves, causing membrane lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell damage and decreased biomass. CPS and NPS inhibited related enzymatic activities by affecting their tertiary structures, resulting in a decrease in phenolic acid, coumaroyl-CoA, and flavonoid content. Dandelion preferred to absorb positively charged NPS compared to negatively charged CPS, but CPS inhibited the uptake of Pb by dandelion more strongly than NPS. Pb promoted CPS agglomeration and increased the surface positive charge of CPS through coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds, so more CPS entered dandelion under CPS + Pb treatment than under CPS alone. Although NPS and CPS reduced the uptake of Pb by dandelion, the biomass and flavonoid contents of dandelion were lower than those of single Pb treatment because of the higher toxicity of NPS and CPS than Pb. Pb significantly increased the effect of CPS on the root biomass of dandelion compared with CPS alone by increasing the positive charge of CPS. We suggest that microplastics with different charges and lead composite pollution inhibit dandelion flavonoid biosynthesis and provide a reference for the loss of dandelion medicinal components and economic value.
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Abbreviations
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CK:
-
Control treatment
- CPS:
-
Carboxyl polystyrene
- NPS:
-
Amino polystyrene
- MPs:
-
Microplastics
- PS:
-
Polystyrene
- 4CL:
-
4-Coumarate coenzyme
- CHI:
-
Chalcone isomerase
- CHS:
-
Chalcone synthase
- FNS:
-
Flavone synthase
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41877362), STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents (No. NTF19026 and NTF19025).
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M.L. Gao and S.L. Wang preformed laboratory experiments. Y.M. Dong provided significant input on experimental design. Z.G. Song conceived of the idea of this study and provided partly financial means. L.S. Bai and T.B. Wang interpreted histological data. Y.M. Dong, M.L. Gao and Z.G. Song analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript, all authors contributed substantially to revisions.
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minling, G., Dong, Y., Wang, S. et al. Effect of co-toxicity of lead and nanoplastics on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in dandelion (Taraxacum asiaticum Dahlst). Planta 256, 94 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04008-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-04008-9