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Ectopic expression of VpALDH2B4, a novel aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata), enhances resistance to mildew pathogens and salt stress in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a broad spectrum of reactive aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Although the proteins have been studied from various organisms and at different growth stages in plants, their potential roles in pathogen infection have not been examined. Here we isolated and functionally characterized a pathogen-inducible ALDH gene (VpALDH2B4) from Chinese wild grapevine Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe-35-1. When transiently expressed in Arabidopsis leaves, VpALDH2B4 was found to be localized in mitochondria. Escherichia coli expressed GST-VpALDH2B4 exhibited ALDH activity in vitro and was capable of utilizing malondialdehyde (MDA), acetaldehyde and glyceraldehydes as its substrate. Over-expression of VpALDH2B4 in Arabidopsis resulted in hypersensitive response-like cell death, enhanced resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew presumably via the SA-signaling pathway. The same Arabidopsis transgenic plants also showed enhanced tolerance to salt stress, which is accompanied by less MDA accumulation and upregulation of the stress-responsive superoxide dismutase activity. Taken together, our results suggest that VpALDH2B4 and perhaps its orthologous genes may be involved in responses of plants to stresses imposed by both biotrophic pathogens and high salinity conditions.

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Abbreviations

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

VpALDH2B4 :

Vitis pseudoreticulata ALDH2B4

HR:

Hypersensitive response

DR:

Disease reaction

SA:

Salicylic acid

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Hpi:

Hours post inoculation

Dpi:

Days post inoculation

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Wenming Wang (Sichuan Agricultural University), Robert Berkey (University of Maryland, USA) and Dr. Zhiyong Pan (Huazhong Agricultural University) for critical review of this manuscript. A fellowship from China Scholarship Council to Y.W. for his visiting research in the lab of S.X. (which is also partially supported by an NSF-IOS Grant #0842877) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30771493, 30571280).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Yingqiang Wen, Xiping Wang & Yuejin Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Yingqiang Wen, Xiping Wang & Yuejin Wang

  3. Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA

    Shunyuan Xiao

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  1. Yingqiang Wen
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Correspondence to Yuejin Wang.

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Wen, Y., Wang, X., Xiao, S. et al. Ectopic expression of VpALDH2B4, a novel aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis pseudoreticulata), enhances resistance to mildew pathogens and salt stress in Arabidopsis . Planta 236, 525–539 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1624-z

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