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The promoter region of the Zinnia elegans basic peroxidase isoenzyme gene contains cis-elements responsive to nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide

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Abstract

NO and H2O2 are important biological messengers in plants. They are formed during xylem differentiation in Zinnia elegans and apparently play important roles during the xylogenesis. To ascertain the responsiveness of the Z. elegans peroxidase (ZePrx) to these endogenous signals, the effects of NO and H2O2 on ZePrx were studied. The results showed that ZePrx is up-regulated by NO and H2O2, as confirmed by RT-qPCR, and that its promoter contains multiple copies of all the putative cis-elements (ACGT box, OCS box, OPAQ box, L1BX, MYCL box and W box) known to confer regulation by NO and H2O2. Like other OCS elements, the OCS element of ZePrx contains the sequence TACG that is recognized by OBF5, a highly conserved bZIP transcription factor, and the 10 bp sequence, ACAaTTTTGG, which is recognized by OBP1, a Dof domain protein that binds down-stream the OCS element. Furthermore, the ZePrx OCS element is flanked by two CCAAT-like boxes, and encloses one auxin-responsive ARFAT element and two GA3-responsive Pyr boxes. Results also showed that ZePrx may be described as the first protein to be up-regulated by NO and H2O2, whose mRNA contains several short-longevity conferring elements, such as a downstream (DST) sequence analogous to the DSTs contained in the highly unstable SAUR transcripts. The presence of these regulatory elements strongly suggests that ZePrx is finely regulated, as one may expect from an enzyme that catalyzes the last irreversible step of the formation of lignins, the major irreversible sink for the photosynthetically fixed CO2.

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Abbreviations

ARFs:

Auxin-response factors

AuxREs:

Auxin-responsive cis-elements

DST:

Downstream sequence

GSNO:

S-nitrosoglutathione

IEF:

Isoelectric focusing

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

NO:

Nitric oxide

PTIO:

2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3 oxide

OCS box:

Octopine synthase box

rboh:

Respiratory burst oxidase homologue, NADPH-oxidase

SAUR:

Small auxin-up RNA

TFs:

Transcription factors

ZePrx:

Basic peroxidase isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Alberto Esteban Carrasco for contributing to bioinformatics analysis, drafting and critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the MEC (BFU2006-11577/BFI and BFU2009-08151)-FEDER and CARM (08610/PI/08). Joaquín Herrero and Jorge Gutiérrez hold fellowships (FPU and FPI) from the MEC/MCYT (Spain), respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Laura V. Gómez-Ros, Carlos Gabaldón, María José López Núñez-Flores, Juan Cuello & Alfonso Ros Barceló

  2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    Joaquín Herrero & José Miguel Zapata

  3. Department of Plant Biology, University of La Coruña, 15071, La Coruña, Spain

    Jorge Gutiérrez

  4. IBMC, University of Porto, 4150, Porto, Portugal

    Mariana Sottomayor

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  1. Laura V. Gómez-Ros
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  2. Carlos Gabaldón
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  9. Alfonso Ros Barceló
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Correspondence to Joaquín Herrero.

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In memoriam of Prof. Alfonso Ros Barceló, be able to continue with your work is an honor.

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Gómez-Ros, L.V., Gabaldón, C., López Núñez-Flores, M.J. et al. The promoter region of the Zinnia elegans basic peroxidase isoenzyme gene contains cis-elements responsive to nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Planta 236, 327–342 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1604-3

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