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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a central role in modulating reduced glutathione levels in reed callus under salt stress

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Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in regulating the levels of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to the tolerance of calli from two reed ecotypes, Phragmites communis Trin. dune reed (DR) and swamp reed (SR), in a long-term salt stress. G6PDH activity was higher in SR callus than that of DR callus under 50–150 mM NaCl treatments. In contrast, at higher NaCl concentrations (300–600 mM), G6PDH activity was lower in SR callus. A similar profile was observed in GSH contents, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in both salt-stressed calli. After G6PDH activity and expression were reduced in glycerol treatments, GSH contents and GR and GPX activity decreased strongly in both calli. Simultaneously, NaCl-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was also abolished. Exogenous application of H2O2 increased G6PDH, GR, and GPX activities and GSH contents in the control conditions and glycerol treatment. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase inhibitor, which counteracted NaCl-induced H2O2 accumulation, decreased these enzymes activities and GSH contents. Furthermore, exogenous application of H2O2 abolished the N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)-induced decrease in G6PDH activity, and DPI suppressed the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on induction of G6PDH activity. Western-blot analyses showed that G6PDH expression was stimulated by NaCl and H2O2, and blocked by DPI in DR callus. Taken together, G6PDH activity involved in GSH maintenance and H2O2 accumulation under salt stress. And H2O2 regulated G6PDH, GR, and GPX activities to maintain GSH levels. In the process, G6PDH plays a central role.

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Abbreviations

BSO:

Buthionine sulfoximine

DPI:

Diphenylene iodonium

DR:

Dune reed

DW:

Dry weight

G6PDH:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidative glutathione

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

NAC:

N-acetyl-l-cysteine

PM:

Plasma membrane

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SR:

Swamp reed

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (ratification number: 20050730017), Foundation of Science and Technology of Gansu Province (3ZS051-A25-018) and grants from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (DAG05/06.SC09, DAG04/05.SC08 and HKUST6276/03M).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaomin Wang, Yuanyuan Ma, Chenghong Huang, Qi Wan & Yurong Bi

  2. Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Ning Li & Yurong Bi

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  1. Xiaomin Wang
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  2. Yuanyuan Ma
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  3. Chenghong Huang
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  4. Qi Wan
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Correspondence to Yurong Bi.

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Wang, X., Ma, Y., Huang, C. et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a central role in modulating reduced glutathione levels in reed callus under salt stress. Planta 227, 611–623 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-007-0643-7

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