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Analysis of Arabidopsis Growth Factor Gene 1 (GFG1) encoding a nudix hydrolase during oxidative signaling

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Abstract

Maintenance of pyridine nucleotide homeostasis is vital for normal growth and development of plants and animals. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis Growth Factor Gene 1 (GFG1; At4g12720) encoding a nudix hydrolase, is an NADH pyrophosphatase and ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase. The affinity for NADH and ADP-ribose indicates that this enzyme could serve as a connection between sensing cellular redox changes and downstream signaling. GFG1 transcript levels were rapidly and transiently induced during both biotic stresses imposed by avirulent pathogens and abiotic stresses like ozone and osmoticum. T-DNA knock out plants of GFG1 gene, gfg1-1, exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes such as reduced size, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and NADH, microscopic cell death, constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. The recombinant protein failed to complement the mutator deficiency in SBMutT− strain of Escherichia coli, suggesting this protein may not play a role in sanitizing the nucleotide pool. Based on rapid transcriptional changes in response to various stresses, substrate specificity of the enzyme, and analysis of the knock out mutant, we propose that GFG1 is a key gene linking cellular metabolism and oxidative signaling.

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Abbreviations

Col-0:

Columbia

HR:

Hypersensitive response

Pst:

Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

WT:

Wild type

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Recombinant DNA/protein core facility, Oklahoma State University for DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF. We thank the Arabidopsis Biological Resource center for SALK T-DNA insertion lines. We thank Dr. Maurice Bessman , Johns Hopkins center, MD for providing the MutT strains. We thanks Dr. Carol Bender for Pst strains, Dr. Steve Hartson and Dr. Margaret Essenberg for technical advice, and Anuradha Penaganti for Southern analyses. This work was supported by funds from Oklahoma NSF-EPSCoR and Oklahoma Agricultural station.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 246 Noble Research center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Niranjani Jambunathan & Ramamurthy Mahalingam

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  1. Niranjani Jambunathan
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  2. Ramamurthy Mahalingam
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Correspondence to Ramamurthy Mahalingam.

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Jambunathan, N., Mahalingam, R. Analysis of Arabidopsis Growth Factor Gene 1 (GFG1) encoding a nudix hydrolase during oxidative signaling. Planta 224, 1–11 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-0183-y

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