Benedict C, Dimitrov S, Marshall L, Born J (2007) Sleep enhances serum interleukin-7 concentrations in humans. Brain Behav Immun 21:1058–1062
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Benedict C, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Born J, Marshall L (2009) Enhancing influence of intranasal interleukin-6 on slow-wave activity and memory consolidation during sleep. FASEB J 23:3629–3636
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Benschop RJ, Rodriguez-Feuerhahn M, Schedlowski M (1996) Catecholamine-induced leukocytosis: early observations, current research, and future directions. Brain Behav Immun 10:77–91
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Besedovsky HO, del Rey A (1996) Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses. Endocr Rev 17:64–102
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Besedovsky HO, del Rey A (2011) Central and peripheral cytokines mediate immune–brain connectivity. Neurochem Res 36:1–6
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bierwolf C, Struve K, Marshall L, Born J, Fehm HL (1997) Slow wave sleep drives inhibition of pituitary-adrenal secretion in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 9:479–484
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Blask DE (2009) Melatonin, sleep disturbance and cancer risk. Sleep Med Rev 13:257–264
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bollinger T, Bollinger A, Skrum L, Dimitrov S, Lange T, Solbach W (2009) Sleep-dependent activity of T cells and regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 155:231–238
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bollinger T, Bollinger A, Naujoks J, Lange T, Solbach W (2010) The influence of regulatory T cells and diurnal hormone rhythms on T helper cell activity. Immunology 131:488–500
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bonacho MG, Cardinali DP, Castrillon P, Cutrera RA, Esquifino AI (2001) Aging-induced changes in 24-h rhythms of mitogenic responses, lymphocyte subset populations and neurotransmitter and amino acid content in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during Freund’s adjuvant arthritis. Exp Gerontol 36:267–282
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bonnet MH, Arand DL (1995) We are chronically sleep deprived. Sleep 18:908–911
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Born J, Fehm HL (1998) Hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal activity during human sleep: a coordinating role for the limbic hippocampal system. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 106:153–163
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Born J, Lange T, Hansen K, Molle M, Fehm HL (1997) Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. J Immunol 158:4454–4464
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Brown R, Pang G, Husband AJ, King MG (1989) Suppression of immunity to influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract following sleep disturbance. Reg Immunol 2:321–325
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bryant PA, Trinder J, Curtis N (2004) Sick and tired: does sleep have a vital role in the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol 4:457–467
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Campbell JP, Riddell NE, Burns VE, Turner M, van Zanten JJ, Drayson MT, Bosch JA (2009) Acute exercise mobilises CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibiting an effector-memory phenotype. Brain Behav Immun 23:767–775
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cano P, Cardinali DP, Rios-Lugo MJ, Fernandez-Mateos MP, Reyes Toso CF, Esquifino AI (2009) Effect of a high-fat diet on 24-hour pattern of circulating adipocytokines in rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17:1866–1871
CAS
Google Scholar
Capuron L, Miller AH (2011) Immune system to brain signaling: neuropsychopharmacological implications. Pharmacol Ther 130:226–238
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cardinali DP, Della MV, Selgas L, Esquifino AI (1996) Diurnal rhythm in ornithine decarboxylase activity and noradrenergic and cholinergic markers in rat submaxillary lymph nodes. Brain Res 711:153–162
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cardinali DP, Brusco LI, Selgas L, Esquifino AI (1998) Diurnal rhythms in ornithine decarboxylase activity and norepinephrine and acetylcholine synthesis in submaxillary lymph nodes and spleen of young and aged rats during Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis. Brain Res 789:283–292
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chen L, Taishi P, Majde JA, Peterfi Z, Obal F Jr, Krueger JM (2004) The role of nitric oxide synthases in the sleep responses to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Brain Behav Immun 18:390–398
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Chikanza IC (1999) Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: in vitro and in vivo observations. Ann NY Acad Sci 876:119–130
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Clevenger CV, Altmann SW, Prystowsky MB (1991) Requirement of nuclear prolactin for interleukin-2-stimulated proliferation of T lymphocytes. Science 253:77–79
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Alper CM, Janicki-Deverts D, Turner RB (2009) Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold. Arch Intern Med 169:62–67
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Caligiuri MA (2001) The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. Trends Immunol 22:633–640
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cox JH, Ford WL (1982) The migration of lymphocytes across specialized vascular endothelium. IV. Prednisolone acts at several points on the recirculation pathways of lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 66:407–422
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dhabhar FS (2009) Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology. Neuroimmunomodulation 16:300–317
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dickstein JB, Moldofsky H, Lue FA, Hay JB (1999) Intracerebroventricular injection of TNF-alpha promotes sleep and is recovered in cervical lymph. Am J Physiol 276:R1018–R1022
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dickstein JB, Hay JB, Lue FA, Moldofsky H (2000) The relationship of lymphocytes in blood and in lymph to sleep/wake states in sheep. Sleep 23:185–190
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Diekelmann S, Born J (2010) The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:114–126
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dimitrov S, Lange T, Tieken S, Fehm HL, Born J (2004) Sleep associated regulation of T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine balance in humans. Brain Behav Immun 18:341–348
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dimitrov S, Lange T, Benedict C, Nowell MA, Jones SA, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Born J (2006) Sleep enhances IL-6 trans-signaling in humans. FASEB J 20:2174–2176
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dimitrov S, Lange T, Nohroudi K, Born J (2007) Number and function of circulating human antigen presenting cells regulated by sleep. Sleep 30:401–411
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dimitrov S, Benedict C, Heutling D, Westermann J, Born J, Lange T (2009) Cortisol and epinephrine control opposing circadian rhythms in T cell subsets. Blood 113(21):5134–5143
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dimitrov S, Lange T, Born J (2010) Selective mobilization of cytotoxic leukocytes by epinephrine. J Immunol 184:503–511
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dodt C, Breckling U, Derad I, Fehm HL, Born J (1997) Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations of healthy humans associated with nighttime sleep and morning arousal. Hypertension 30:71–76
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Drazen DL, Bilu D, Bilbo SD, Nelson RJ (2001) Melatonin enhancement of splenocyte proliferation is attenuated by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280:R1476–R1482
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dustin ML, Colman DR (2002) Neural and immunological synaptic relations. Science 298:785–789
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Elenkov IJ, Kvetnansky R, Hashiramoto A, Bakalov VK, Link AA, Zachman K, Crane M, Jezova D, Rovensky J, Dimitrov MA, Gold PW et al (2008) Low- versus high-baseline epinephrine output shapes opposite innate cytokine profiles: presence of Lewis- and Fischer-like neurohormonal immune phenotypes in humans? J Immunol 181:1737–1745
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Esquifino AI, Selgas L, Arce A, Maggiore VD, Cardinali DP (1996) Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune responses in rat submaxillary lymph nodes and spleen: effect of cyclosporine. Brain Behav Immun 10:92–102
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Esquifino AI, Alvarez MP, Cano P, Chacon F, Reyes Toso CF, Cardinali DP (2004) 24-Hour pattern of circulating prolactin and growth hormone levels and submaxillary lymph node immune responses in growing male rats subjected to social isolation. Endocrine 25:41–48
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Everson CA (1993) Sustained sleep deprivation impairs host defense. Am J Physiol 265:R1148–R1154
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Everson CA (2005) Clinical assessment of blood leukocytes, serum cytokines, and serum immunoglobulins as responses to sleep deprivation in laboratory rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289:R1054–R1063
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Fox CJ, Hammerman PS, Thompson CB (2005) Fuel feeds function: energy metabolism and the T-cell response. Nat Rev Immunol 5:844–852
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Franceschi C, Capri M, Monti D, Giunta S, Olivieri F, Sevini F, Panourgia MP, Invidia L, Celani L, Scurti M, Cevenini E et al (2007) Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: a systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans. Mech Ageing Dev 128:92–105
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gala RR (1991) Prolactin and growth hormone in the regulation of the immune system. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 198:513–527
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gallucci S, Matzinger P (2001) Danger signals: SOS to the immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 13:114–119
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Geissmann F, Jung S, Littman DR (2003) Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties. Immunity 19:71–82
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Grakoui A, Bromley SK, Sumen C, Davis MM, Shaw AS, Allen PM, Dustin ML (1999) The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation. Science 285:221–227
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Griffin AC, Whitacre CC (1991) Sex and strain differences in the circadian rhythm fluctuation of endocrine and immune function in the rat: implications for rodent models of autoimmune disease. J Neuroimmunol 35:53–64
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Grossman Z (1984) Recognition of self and regulation of specificity at the level of cell populations. Immunol Rev 79:119–138
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Guan Z, Vgontzas AN, Omori T, Peng X, Bixler EO, Fang J (2005) Interleukin-6 levels fluctuate with the light–dark cycle in the brain and peripheral tissues in rats. Brain Behav Immun 19:526–529
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Haack M, Kraus T, Schuld A, Dalal M, Koethe D, Pollmacher T (2002) Diurnal variations of interleukin-6 plasma levels are confounded by blood drawing procedures. Psychoneuroendocrinology 27:921–931
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Haack M, Pollmacher T, Mullington JM (2004) Diurnal and sleep–wake dependent variations of soluble TNF- and IL-2 receptors in healthy volunteers. Brain Behav Immun 18:361–367
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Haack M, Sanchez E, Mullington JM (2007) Elevated inflammatory markers in response to prolonged sleep restriction are associated with increased pain experience in healthy volunteers. Sleep 30:1145–1152
PubMed
Google Scholar
Halberg F (1963) Circadian (about twenty-four-hour) rhythms in experimental medicine. Proc R Soc Med 56:253–257
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Hattori N (2009) Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system. Growth Horm IGF Res 19:187–197
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Haus E (2007) Chronobiology in the endocrine system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:985–1014
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Hayashi M, Shimba S, Tezuka M (2007) Characterization of the molecular clock in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 30:621–626
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Irwin M, McClintick J, Costlow C, Fortner M, White J, Gillin JC (1996) Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and cellular immune responses in humans. FASEB J 10:643–653
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Jones SA, Richards PJ, Scheller J, Rose-John S (2005) IL-6 transsignaling: the in vivo consequences. J Interferon Cytokine Res 25:241–253
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kaminski DA, Randall TD (2010) Adaptive immunity and adipose tissue biology. Trends Immunol 31:384–390
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kapsimalis F, Richardson G, Opp MR, Kryger M (2005) Cytokines and normal sleep. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11:481–484
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Keller M, Mazuch J, Abraham U, Eom GD, Herzog ED, Volk HD, Kramer A, Maier B (2009) A circadian clock in macrophages controls inflammatory immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:21407–21412
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kelley KW, Weigent DA, Kooijman R (2007) Protein hormones and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 21:384–392
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kioussis D, Pachnis V (2009) Immune and nervous systems: more than just a superficial similarity? Immunity 31:705–710
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Krueger JM (2008) The role of cytokines in sleep regulation. Curr Pharm Des 14:3408–3416
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Krueger JM, Walter J, Dinarello CA, Wolff SM, Chedid L (1984) Sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1). Am J Physiol 246:R994–R999
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Krueger JM, Obal F Jr, Fang J (1999) Humoral regulation of physiological sleep: cytokines and GHRH. J Sleep Res 8(Suppl 1):53–59
PubMed
Google Scholar
La Cava A, Matarese G (2004) The weight of leptin in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 4:371–379
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lange T and Born J (2011) T cell and antigen presenting cell activity during sleep. In: BrainImmune. http://www.brainimmune.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=343:t-cell-and-antigen-presenting-cell-activity-during-sleep&catid=78:neurohormonal-regulation-of-immunity&Itemid=421. Accessed 31 Oct 2011
Lange T, Perras B, Fehm HL, Born J (2003) Sleep enhances the human antibody response to hepatitis A vaccination. Psychosom Med 65:831–835
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lange T, Dimitrov S, Fehm HL, Westermann J, Born J (2006) Shift of monocyte function toward cellular immunity during sleep. Arch Intern Med 166:1695–1700
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lange T, Dimitrov S, Born J (2010) Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on the human immune system. Ann NY Acad Sci 1193:48–59
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lange T, Dimitrov S, Bollinger T, Diekelmann S, Born J (2011) Sleep after vaccination boosts immunological memory. J Immunol 187:283–290
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Liu YJ (2005) IPC: professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Annu Rev Immunol 23:275–306
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lord GM, Matarese G, Howard JK, Baker RJ, Bloom SR, Lechler RI (1998) Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression. Nature 394:897–901
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Lucas D, Battista M, Shi PA, Isola L, Frenette PS (2008) Mobilized hematopoietic stem cell yield depends on species-specific circadian timing. Cell Stem Cell 3:364–366
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Luna-Moreno D, Aguilar-Roblero R, Díaz-Munoz M (2009) Restricted feeding entrains rhythms of inflammation-related factors without promoting an acute-phase response. Chronobiol Int 26:1409–1429
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Maestroni GJ (2001) Neural regulation of dendritic cell function. Adv Exp Med Biol 495:111–119
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Matsumoto Y, Mishima K, Satoh K, Tozawa T, Mishima Y, Shimizu T, Hishikawa Y (2001) Total sleep deprivation induces an acute and transient increase in NK cell activity in healthy young volunteers. Sleep 24:804–809
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
McEwen BS (2006) Sleep deprivation as a neurobiologic and physiologic stressor: allostasis and allostatic load. Metabolism 55:S20–S23
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Meerlo P, Sgoifo A, Suchecki D (2008) Restricted and disrupted sleep: effects on autonomic function, neuroendocrine stress systems and stress responsivity. Sleep Med Rev 12:197–210
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Regan MM, Price NJ, Dinges DF, Mullington JM (2004) Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:678–683
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mellado M, Llorente M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Lucas P, Martinez C, del Real G (1998) HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 triggers a Th2 response in mice that shifts to Th1 in the presence of human growth hormone. Vaccine 16:1111–1115
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mendez-Ferrer S, Lucas D, Battista M, Frenette PS (2008) Haematopoietic stem cell release is regulated by circadian oscillations. Nature 452:442–447
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mullington JM, Haack M, Toth M, Serrador JM, Meier-Ewert HK (2009) Cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 51:294–302
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Mullington JM, Simpson NS, Meier-Ewert HK, Haack M (2010) Sleep loss and inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 24:775–784
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Nance DM, Sanders VM (2007) Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007). Brain Behav Immun 21:736–745
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Ottaway CA, Husband AJ (1992) Central nervous system influences on lymphocyte migration. Brain Behav Immun 6:97–116
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Pavon L, Sandoval-Lopez G, Eugenia HM, Loria F, Estrada I, Perez M, Moreno J, Avila U, Leff P, Anton B, Heinze G (2006) Th2 cytokine response in major depressive disorder patients before treatment. J Neuroimmunol 172:156–165
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Petrovsky N (2001) Towards a unified model of neuroendocrine–immune interaction. Immunol Cell Biol 79:350–357
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Radogna F, Diederich M, Ghibelli L (2010) Melatonin: a pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 80:1844–1852
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Ransohoff RM (2009) Chemokines and chemokine receptors: standing at the crossroads of immunobiology and neurobiology. Immunity 31:711–721
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Reis ES, Lange T, Kohl G, Herrmann A, Tschulakow AV, Naujoks J, Born J, Kohl J (2011) Sleep and circadian rhythm regulate circulating complement factors and immunoregulatory properties of C5a. Brain Behav Immun 25(7):1416–1426
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Renegar KB, Floyd RA, Krueger JM (1998) Effects of short-term sleep deprivation on murine immunity to influenza virus in young adult and senescent mice. Sleep 21:241–248
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Renegar KB, Crouse D, Floyd RA, Krueger J (2000) Progression of influenza viral infection through the murine respiratory tract: the protective role of sleep deprivation. Sleep 23:859–863
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Ron-Harel N, Cardon M, Schwartz M (2011) Brain homeostasis is maintained by “danger” signals stimulating a supportive immune response within the brain’s borders. Brain Behav Immun 25(5):1036–1043
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Saint-Mezard P, Chavagnac C, Bosset S, Ionescu M, Peyron E, Kaiserlian D, Nicolas JF, Berard F (2003) Psychological stress exerts an adjuvant effect on skin dendritic cell functions in vivo. J Immunol 171:4073–4080
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Scheff JD, Calvano SE, Lowry SF, Androulakis IP (2010) Modeling the influence of circadian rhythms on the acute inflammatory response. J Theor Biol 264:1068–1076
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwartz M, Kipnis J (2011) A conceptual revolution in the relationships between the brain and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 25(5):817–819
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shearer WT, Reuben JM, Mullington JM, Price NJ, Lee BN, Smith EO, Szuba MP, Van Dongen HP, Dinges DF (2001) Soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjected to the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:165–170
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Simon C, Gronfier C, Schlienger JL, Brandenberger G (1998) Circadian and ultradian variations of leptin in normal man under continuous enteral nutrition: relationship to sleep and body temperature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1893–1899
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Smaniotto S, Ribeiro-Carvalho MM, Dardenne M, Savino W, de Mello-Coelho V (2004) Growth hormone stimulates the selective trafficking of thymic CD4+CD8− emigrants to peripheral lymphoid organs. Neuroimmunomodulation 11:299–306
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Spangelo BL, Hall NR, Ross PC, Goldstein AL (1987) Stimulation of in vivo antibody production and concanavalin-A-induced mouse spleen cell mitogenesis by prolactin. Immunopharmacology 14:11–20
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Spath-Schwalbe E, Hansen K, Schmidt F, Schrezenmeier H, Marshall L, Burger K, Fehm HL, Born J (1998) Acute effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on endocrine and central nervous sleep functions in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1573–1579
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Spiegel K, Luthringer R, Follenius M, Schaltenbrand N, Macher JP, Muzet A, Brandenberger G (1995) Temporal relationship between prolactin secretion and slow-wave electroencephalic activity during sleep. Sleep 18:543–548
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E (1999) Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 354:1435–1439
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Spiegel K, Sheridan JF, Van Cauter E (2002) Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization. JAMA 288:1471–1472
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spiegel K, Leproult R, L’hermite-Baleriaux M, Copinschi G, Penev PD, Van CE (2004) Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:5762–5771
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Stephenson JR, Lee JM, Bailey N, Shepherd AG, Melling J (1991) Adjuvant effect of human growth hormone with an inactivated flavivirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 164:188–191
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Strainic MG, Liu J, Huang D, An F, Lalli PN, Muqim N, Shapiro VS, Dubyak GR, Heeger PS, Medof ME (2008) Locally produced complement fragments C5a and C3a provide both costimulatory and survival signals to naive CD4+ T cells. Immunity 28:425–435
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Straub RH, Cutolo M (2007) Circadian rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for pathophysiology and therapeutic management. Arthritis Rheum 56:399–408
PubMed
Google Scholar
Straub RH, Cutolo M, Buttgereit F, Pongratz G (2010) Energy regulation and neuroendocrine–immune control in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Intern Med 267:543–560
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Suchanek O, Podrazil M, Fischerova B, Bocinska H, Budinsky V, Stejskal D, Spisek R, Bartunkova J, Kolar P (2010) Intensive physical activity increases peripheral blood dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 266:40–45
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Suzuki S, Toyabe S, Moroda T, Tada T, Tsukahara A, Iiai T, Minagawa M, Maruyama S, Hatakeyama K, Endoh K, Abo T (1997) Circadian rhythm of leucocytes and lymphocytes subsets and its possible correlation with the function of the autonomic nervous system. Clin Exp Immunol 110:500–508
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Taub DD, Tsarfaty G, Lloyd AR, Durum SK, Longo DL, Murphy WJ (1994) Growth hormone promotes human T cell adhesion and migration to both human and murine matrix proteins in vitro and directly promotes xenogeneic engraftment. J Clin Invest 94:293–300
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Toth LA, Rehg JE (1998) Effects of sleep deprivation and other stressors on the immune and inflammatory responses of influenza-infected mice. Life Sci 63:701–709
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Van Cauter E, Plat L, Copinschi G (1998) Interrelations between sleep and the somatotropic axis. Sleep 21:553–566
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, Kales A, Tyson K, Chrousos GP (1997) Elevation of plasma cytokines in disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness: role of sleep disturbance and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:1313–1316
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, Lotsikas A, Zachman K, Kales A, Prolo P, Wong ML, Licinio J, Gold PW, Hermida RC et al (1999) Circadian interleukin-6 secretion and quantity and depth of sleep. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2603–2607
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis E, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Follett H, Kales A, Chrousos GP (2004) Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2119–2126
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Viswanathan K, Dhabhar FS (2005) Stress-induced enhancement of leukocyte trafficking into sites of surgery or immune activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5808–5813
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Viswanathan K, Daugherty C, Dhabhar FS (2005) Stress as an endogenous adjuvant: augmentation of the immunization phase of cell-mediated immunity. Int Immunol 17:1059–1069
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ, Gleeson M, Woods JA, Bishop NC, Fleshner M, Green C, Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L, Rogers CJ et al (2011) Position statement. Part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev 17:6–63
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warnock RA, Askari S, Butcher EC, von Andrian UH (1998) Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes. J Exp Med 187:205–216
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Westermann J, Pabst R (1990) Lymphocyte subsets in the blood: a diagnostic window on the lymphoid system? Immunol Today 11:406–410
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Wilhelm I, Born J, Kudielka BM, Schlotz W, Wust S (2007) Is the cortisol awakening rise a response to awakening? Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:358–366
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Zager A, Andersen ML, Ruiz FS, Antunes IB, Tufik S (2007) Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293:R504–R509
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar