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Safety and efficacy of preoperative indocyanine green fluorescence marking in laparoscopic gastrectomy for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (ICG MAP study)

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Abstract 

Purpose

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and proximal gastric cancer (PGC) is rising worldwide. Recently, the use of indocyanine green (ICG) tracer-guided surgery has been reported; however, its efficacy for total/proximal gastrectomy has not been clarified. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of ICG fluorescent marking for tumor localization in AEG/PGC treatment by laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

We enrolled patients with AEG/PGC from October 2016 to March 2019 from a prospectively registered database. On the day before surgery, ICG markings were made at four locations just at the edge of the tumor by gastrointestinal fiberscope examination. Surgery was performed while viewing the fluorescence image of ICG, and the proximal portions of the esophagus and the distal portion of the stomach were resected at the edge of the area where ICG had spread.

Results

We enrolled 130 patients with AEG/PGC. Overall, 107 patients were eventually included in the study: AEG n = 64 (60%) and PGC n = 43 (40%). ICG markings were detected intraoperatively in all cases, and cancer invasion into the resection lines of the esophagus and stomach, performed based on ICG fluorescence images, was negative in all cases. The median visible range of ICG fluorescence was 22.5 mm. ICG diffusion expanded 20 mm proximal for AEG. There were no adverse events associated with endoscopic ICG injection.

Conclusion

ICG fluorescence imaging is feasible and safe and can potentially be used as a tumor-marking agent for determining the surgical resection line for total/proximal gastrectomy in AEG and PGC treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan

    Takeshi Omori, Hisashi Hara, Naoki Shinno, Masaaki Yamamoto, Takashi Kanemura, Tomohira Takeoka, Hirofumi Akita, Hiroshi Wada, Masayoshi Yasui, Chu Matsuda, Junichi Nishimura, Masayuki Ohue, Masato Sakon & Hiroshi Miyata

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  1. Takeshi Omori
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  2. Hisashi Hara
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  3. Naoki Shinno
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Contributions

Study conception and design: TO, HH, and NS. Acquisition of data: TO and NS. Analysis and interpretation of data: TO and NS. Drafting of the manuscript: TO, HH, NS, and MY. Critical revision of the manuscript: TO, HH, NS, MY, TK, TT, HA, HW, MY, CM, JN, MO, MS, and HM.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takeshi Omori.

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I confirm that I understand journal Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery is a transformative journal. When research is accepted for publication, there is a choice to publish using either immediate gold open access or the traditional publishing route. No, I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Springer or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. The results/data/figures in this manuscript have not been published elsewhere, nor are they under consideration (from you or one of your contributing authors) by another publisher. I have read the Springer journal policies on author responsibilities and submit this manuscript in accordance with those policies. All of the material is owned by the authors, and/or no permissions are required.

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Osaka International Cancer Institute (No. 18033–5). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.

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Informed consent to be included in the study was obtained from all patients.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Omori, T., Hara, H., Shinno, N. et al. Safety and efficacy of preoperative indocyanine green fluorescence marking in laparoscopic gastrectomy for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (ICG MAP study). Langenbecks Arch Surg 407, 3387–3396 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-022-02680-9

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