Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of resistance training with or without transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on satellite cell (SC) number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in early postmenopausal women.
Methods
Using a double-blinded randomized controlled design, we allocated healthy, untrained postmenopausal women to perform 12 weeks of resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or ET (n = 15). Muscle biopsies obtained before and after the intervention, and two hours after the last training session were analyzed for fiber type, SC number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy and degradation (real-time PCR, western blotting).
Results
The analysis of SCs per Type I fiber showed a time x treatment interaction caused by a 47% decrease in PLC, and a 26% increase after ET after the training period. Also, SCs per Type II fiber area was lower after the intervention driven by a 57% decrease in PLC. Most molecular markers changed similarly in the two groups.
Conclusion
A decline in SC per muscle fiber was observed after the 12-week training period in postmenopausal women, which was counteracted when combined with use of transdermal ET.
Clinical trial registration number
nct03020953.
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Code availability
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Abbreviations
- PLC:
-
Placebo
- ET:
-
Estrogen therapy
- mRNA:
-
Messenger RNA
- SC:
-
Satellite cell
- PCR:
-
Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Acknowledgements
We thank the participants for their participation and devotion to this trial. We also thank the students involved in the execution of the intervention and the analysis (Line Noerregaard Olsen, Malene Andersen, Mathias Nordberg Jensen, Christian Bejlegaard Thomsen, Cecilie Jacobsen, Rikke Bach Nielsen, Caroline E. G. Frederiksen, Jens J. Frandsen, Lasse T. Taidal, Sara Malling Andersen and Francesca Alesci), and the laboratory technicians (Janni Mosgaard Jensen and Gitte Kaiser Hartvigsen) for their technical assistance during the experimental days and laboratory analysis.
Funding
This work was supported by the Augustinus Foundation (17-2075), Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF-E_2015_FLS-8-6), Hede Nielsen Foundation (unnumbered), A.P. Møller Foundation (17-L-0567), and Toyota Foundation, Denmark (KJ/BG-9659 F).
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TVD, CHG and MH conceived and designed the study. TVD, FTJ, MBB, MM, KML and MH carried out the experiments. TVD, LBD and MH analyzed the samples and data. TVD, LBD and MH interpreted the results of the experiments. TVD, LBD and MH prepared the figures. TVD, LBD and MH drafted the manuscript. TVD, LBD, FTJ, MBB, MM, KML, CHG and MH edited and revised the manuscript. TVD, LBD, FTJ, MBB, MM, KML, CHG and MH approved the final version of the manuscript.
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All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Central Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics approved the protocol (Journal No.: 1-10-72-234-16).
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Dam, T.V., Dalgaard, L.B., Johansen, F.T. et al. Effects of transdermal estrogen therapy on satellite cell number and molecular markers for muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol 123, 667–681 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05093-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05093-0