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Comparison between men and women of volume regulating hormones and aquaporin-2 excretion following graded central hypovolemia

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Abstract

Central hypovolemia induced by orthostatic loading causes reno-vascular changes that can lead to orthostatic intolerance. In this study, we investigated volume regulating hormonal responses and reno-vascular changes in male and female subjects as they underwent central hypovolemia, induced by graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) excretion was measured as a biomarker for the renal system response to vasopressin. 37 young healthy subjects (n = 19 males; n = 18 females) were subjected to graded LBNP until − 40 mmHg LBNP. Under resting conditions, males had significantly higher copeptin (a stable peptide derived from vasopressin) levels compared with females. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), adrenomedullin (ADM), vasopressin (AVP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were not affected by our experimental protocol. Nevertheless, an analysis of ADM and BNP with the data normalized as percentages of the baseline value data showed an increase from baseline to 10 min after recovery in the males in ADM and in the females in BNP. Analysis of BNP and ADM raises the possibility of a preferential adaptive vascular response to central hypovolemia in males as shown by the normalized increase in ADM, whereas females showed a preferential renal response as shown by the normalized increase in BNP. Furthermore, our results suggest that there might be a difference between men and women in the copeptin response to alterations in orthostatic loading, simulated either using LBNP or during posture changes.

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Abbreviations

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADM:

Adrenomedullin

ANP:

Atrial natriuretic peptide

AQP2:

Aquaporin 2

AVP:

Arginine vasopressin

BNP:

Brain natriuretic peptide

CVP:

Central venous pressure

HUT:

Head up tilt

LBNP:

Lower body negative pressure

RAAS:

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants for their time and co-operation.

Funding

This study was supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency, Grant number 2013-091-R.0) to FCS and GV.

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Author notes

  1. Nandu Goswami and Johannes Reichmuth co-authors contributed equally to the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Nandu Goswami, Johannes Reichmuth, Bianca Brix & Andreas Roessler

  2. Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy

    Annarita Di Mise, Mariangela Centrone, Marianna Ranieri, Annamaria Russo, Grazia Tamma & Giovanna Valenti

  3. Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, viale Lincoln, 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy

    Natale Gaspare De Santo & Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

Authors
  1. Nandu Goswami
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  2. Johannes Reichmuth
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  3. Annarita Di Mise
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Contributions

NG designed the experiments wrote the manuscript. JR designed the experiments, performed the experiments, and analyzed the data. ADM performed the experiments and analyzed the data. BB performed the experiments and analyzed the data. AR performed the experiments and analyzed the data. MC performed the experiments and analyzed the data. MR performed the experiments and analyzed the data. AR performed the experiments and analyzed the data. NGDS critical reading of the manuscript. GT performed the experiments and analyzed the data. FCS designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. GV designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ferdinando Carlo Sasso or Giovanna Valenti.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Communicated by Massimo Pagani.

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Goswami, N., Reichmuth, J., Di Mise, A. et al. Comparison between men and women of volume regulating hormones and aquaporin-2 excretion following graded central hypovolemia. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 633–643 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4053-2

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