Abstract
Purpose
The effects of air pollution on human health have long been a hot topic of research. For respiratory diseases, a large number of studies have proved that air pollution is one of the main causes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of hospitalization of children with respiratory system diseases (CRSD) caused by six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3) in Hefei City, and further calculate the disease burden.
Method
In the first stage, the generalized additive models were combined with the distributed lag non-linear models to evaluate the impact of air pollution on the inpatients for CRSD in Hefei. In the second stage, this study used the cost-of-illness approach to calculate the attributable number of hospitalizations and the extra disease burden.
Result
Overall, all the six kinds of pollutants had the strongest effects on CRSD inpatients within lag10 days. SO2 and CO caused the highest and lowest harm, respectively, and the RR values were SO2 (lag0-5): 1.1 20 (1.053, 1.191), and CO (lag0-6): 1.002 (1.001, 1.003). During the study period (January 1, 2014 to December 30, 2020), the 7-year cumulative burden of disease was 36.19 million CNY under the WHO air pollution standards.
Conclusion
In general, we found that six air pollutants were risk factors for CRSD in Hefei City, and create a huge burden of disease.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- CRSD:
-
Children Respiratory System Diseases
- CRD:
-
Chronic Respiratory Disease
- PM2.5 :
-
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 μm
- PM10 :
-
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 μm
- SO2 :
-
Sulfur dioxide
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- NO2 :
-
Nitrogen dioxide
- O3 :
-
Ozone
- MT:
-
Mean temperature
- MRH:
-
Mean relative humidity
- OM:
-
Organic matter
- BC:
-
Carbon black
- MT:
-
Mean temperature
- MRH:
-
Mean relative humidity
- GAM:
-
Generalized Additive Models
- DLNM:
-
Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model
- COIA:
-
Cost of Illness Approach
- CPI:
-
Consumer Price Index
- CNY:
-
China Yuan
- AN:
-
Attributable Number
- CAAQS:
-
China Ambient Air Quality Standards
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by The Project for Top Disciplinary Talents of Majors in Universities of Anhui Province [Grant No. gxbjZD09]. The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Funding
This work was supported by The Project for Top Disciplinary Talents of Majors in Universities of Anhui Province [Grant No. gxbjZD09].
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WS: conceptualization, methodology, software, writing original draft, formal analysis. XL: conceptualization, methodology, software, writing – original draft. QF, GL: conceptualization, writing –review & editing. WX, YW: writing –review & editing, methodology. JL, WH: methodology, software. HL: formal analysis. FH: conceptualization, methodology, writing – review & editing, project administration, funding acquisition.
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Shen, W., Li, X., Fang, Q. et al. The impact of ambient air pollutants on childhood respiratory system disease and the resulting disease burden: a time-series study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 96, 1087–1100 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-01991-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-023-01991-8