Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental vitreous tamponade using polyalkylimide hydrogel

  • Basic Science
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate polyalkylimide as a possible vitreous tamponading agent.

Methods

A 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and posterior vitreous detachment were performed in the right eye of six pigmented rabbits. Approximately 1 ml of viscoelastic gel, polyalkylimide (Bio-Alcamid®) was thereafter injected into the vitreous space. Full-field ERG and intraocular pressure (IOP, Tonopen) was measured pre-and postoperatively at regular intervals up to 28 days. At day 6 or 28, the rabbits were sacrificed and the eyes were examined macroscopically, photographed, and prepared for histological examination with routine microscopy.

Results

The viscoelastic hydrogel was successfully injected, and remained translucent with preserved gel properties throughout the postoperative period. The postoperative IOP was unchanged compared to preoperative values. Five of six eyes displayed retinal edema or pigmentary changes centrally while the periphery appeared intact. ERG recordings showed a radical decrease in rod- and cone-derived B-wave amplitudes. Histological examination confirmed varying degrees of edema combined with neuronal cell death within the retinal layers in the central part of the fundus, while the peripheral part appeared intact.

Conclusion

Polyalkylimide displays favourable physical properties when used as a vitreous tamponade. However, the hydrogel causes functional and morphological retinal damage when in direct contact with the inner retina. Possible pathological mechanisms include osmotic imbalance and direct toxic effects, and modification of biochemical properties is warranted before clinical use will be possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Parel JM, Gautier S, Jallet V, Villain FL (2001) Silicon oils: physicochemical properties. In: Ryan SJ (ed) Retina, 3rd edn. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 2173–2194

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kirchhof B, Wong D, Van Meurs J, Hilgers RD, Macek M, Lois N, Schrage NF (2002) Use of perfluorohexyloctane as a long-term internal tamponade agent in complicated retinal detachment surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 133(1):95–101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Denlinger J, Balazs E (1980) Replacement of the liquid vitreus with sodium hyaluronate in monkeys I. Short-term evaluation. Exp Eye Res 31:81–99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Denlinger J, El-Mofty A, Balazs E (1980) Replacement of the liquid vitreus with sodium hyaluronate in monkeys II. Long-term evaluation. Exp Eye Res 30:101–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Koster R, Stilma JS (1986) Comparison of vitreous replacement with Healon and with HPMC in rabbits´eyes. Doc Ophthalmol 61:247–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Koster R, Stilma JS (1986) Healon as intravitreal substitute in retinal detachment surgery in 40 patients. Doc Ophthalmol 64:13–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gerke E, Meyer-Schwickerath G, Wessing A (1984) Healon in retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 22t(241):243

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wilson CA, Berkowitz B, Srebro R (1995) Perfluorinated organic liquid as an intraocular oxygen reservoir fort he ischemic retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 36:131–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Swindle KE, Ravi N (2007) Recent advances in polymeric vitreous substitutes. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2(2):255–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Maruoka S, Matsuura T, Kawasaki K, Okamoto M, Yoshiaki H, Kodama M, Sugiyama M, Annaka M (2006) Biocompatibility of polyvinylalcohol gel as a vitreous substitute. Curr Eye Res 31(7–8):599–606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Soman N, Banerjee R (2003) Artificial vitreous replacements. Biomed Mater Eng 13:59–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hong Y, Chirila TV, Vijayasekaran S et al. (1998) Biodegradation in vitro and retention in the rabbit eye of crosslinked poly(1-vinyl-3-pyrrolidinone) hydrogel as a vitreous substitute. J Biomed Mater Res 39(4):650–659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yang H, Wang R, Qisheng G, Zhang X (2008) Feasibility study of chitosan as intravitreous tamponade material. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol 246:1097–1105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lahiri A, Waters R (2007) Experience with Bio-Alcamid®, a new soft tissue endoprosthesis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60:663–667

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Claoue BL, Rabineau P (2004) The polyalkamide gel: experience with bio-alcamid®. Semin Cutan Med Surg 23:236–240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Protopapa C, Sito G, Caparole D, Cammarota N (2003) Bio-Alcamid® in drug- induced lipodystrophy. J Cosmet & Laser Ther 5:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gjörloff K, Andreásson S, Ehinger B (2004) Standardized full-filled electroretinography in rabbits. Doc Opthalmol 109:163–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Swindle-Reilly KE, Shah M, Hamilton P, Eskin T, Kaushal S, Ravi N (2009) Rabbit study of an in situ forming hydrogel vitreous substitute. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50(10):4840–4846

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Katagiri Y, Iwasaki T, Ishikawa T, Yamakawa N, Suzuki H, Usui M (2005) Application of thermo-setting gel as artificial vitreous. Jpn J Ophthalmol 49:491–496

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gao Q, Mou S, Ge J, To C, Hui Y, Liu A, Wang Z, Long C, Tan J (2008) A new strategy to replace the natural vitreous by a novel capsular artificial vitreous body with pressurecontrol valve. Eye 22:461–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wallentén KG, Andréasson S, Ghosh F (2008) Retinal function after vitrectomy. Retina 28:558–563

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Stefansson E (2009) Physiology of vitreous surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 247:147–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. De Schaepdrijver L, Simoens P, Lauwers H, De Geest JP (1989) Retinal vascular patterns in domestic animals. Res Vet Sci 47:34–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Barbazetto I, Liang J, Chang S, Zheng L, Spector A, Dillon J (2004) Oxygen tension in the rabbit lens and vitreous before and after vitrectomy. Exp Eye Res 78:917–924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Holekamp NM, Shui YB, Beebe DC (2005) Vitrectomy surgery increases oxygen exposure to the lens: a possible mechanism for nuclear cataract formation. Am J Ophthalmol 139(2):302–310

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sarnat B (1978) Orbital volume after enucleation and eye volume in the adult rabbit. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 208:241–245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. LoPachin R Jr, Lehning E (1994) Acrylamide-induced distal axon degeneration: a proposed mechanism of action. Neurotoxicology 15:247–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ramires P, Miccoli M, Panzarini E, Dini L, Protopapa C (2005) In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation of a polyalkylimide hydrogel for soft tissue augmentation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 72:230–238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Karin Arnér for excellent technical assistance.

This study was supported by The Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, The Swedish Research Council, The Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, and research funds of Departments of Ophthalmology Örebro. BioAlcamid® was kindly provided by Richard Leo, P.O.Medica AB, Sparsör, Sweden.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Ophthalmology, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden

    Sven Crafoord

  2. Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

    Sten Andreasson & Fredrik Ghosh

Authors
  1. Sven Crafoord
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sten Andreasson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fredrik Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sven Crafoord.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOC 29 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Crafoord, S., Andreasson, S. & Ghosh, F. Experimental vitreous tamponade using polyalkylimide hydrogel. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 249, 1167–1174 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1652-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-011-1652-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation