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Hearing loss versus vestibular loss as contributors to cognitive dysfunction

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Abstract

In the last 5 years, there has been a surge in evidence that hearing loss (HL) may be a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, including dementia. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of studies implicating vestibular loss in cognitive dysfunction. Due to the fact that vestibular disorders often present with HL and other auditory disorders such as tinnitus, it has been suggested that, in many cases, what appears to be vestibular-related cognitive dysfunction may be due to HL (e.g., Dobbels et al. Front Neurol 11:710, 2020). This review analyses the studies of vestibular-related cognitive dysfunction which have controlled HL. It is suggested that despite the fact that many studies in the area have not controlled HL, many other studies have (~ 19/44 studies or 43%). Therefore, although there is certainly a need for further studies controlling HL, there is evidence to suggest that vestibular loss is associated with cognitive dysfunction, especially related to spatial memory. This is consistent with the overwhelming evidence from animal studies that the vestibular system transmits specific types of information about self-motion to structures such as the hippocampus.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been supported over the years by grants from the New Zealand Neurological Foundation, the Health Research Council of New Zealand and the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand. I thank Professor Yuri Agrawal for helpful comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand

    Paul F. Smith

  2. The Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand

    Paul F. Smith

  3. The Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Paul F. Smith

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Smith, P.F. Hearing loss versus vestibular loss as contributors to cognitive dysfunction. J Neurol 269, 87–99 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10343-2

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