Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CIm) is a frequent finding in multiple sclerosis (MS) affecting up to 65 % of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of CIm in a population-based cohort of MS patients identified in the city of Catania from 1995 to 2004. One-hundred and twenty-five patients experiencing the onset of MS during 1995–2004 were enrolled. Cognitive performance was assessed through the Brief Repeatable Battery (BRB) of neuropsychological tests and the Stroop word-color task (ST). CIm was defined as the failure on at least three tests involving at least two different domains. Patients without CIm at baseline were followed up after over 3 years. The most impaired tests were the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (36 %) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test 3 (35 %). At baseline the prevalence of CIm was 44 % (95 % CI 35.2–53.1). An almost sixfold increased risk of developing CIm was found among MS patients aged 40 and above at the time of the NPS examination (OR 5.84; 95 % CI 2.57–13.2; p value <0.0001) and a threefold increased risk for patients with an EDSS score >3 (OR 3.51; 95 % CI 1.30–9.46, p value 0.01). At the follow-up out of the 70 MS patients without CIm at baseline evaluation, 26 (37.1 %) developed CIm. The total person-years at risk was 269 person-years giving an incidence rate of CIm of 96.6/1,000 person-year (95 % CI 57.3–128.7). The overall prevalence of CIm in MS is 44 % and the incidence after 4 years is 37.1 %. CIm affects more frequently patients older than 40 years and with a higher EDSS score.
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Conflict of interest
M. Zappia has received honoraria for speaking activities from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lundbeck and Bayer-Schering, and scientific grants from AIFA-Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Novartis and Lundbeck. A. Nicoletti has received honoraria from UCB-Union Clinique Belge and Lundbeck for medical education symposia. F. Patti has received honoraria for speaking activities from Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis and Sanofi Aventis; he also served as an advisory board member in the following companies: Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono and Novartis; S. Lo Fermo received honoraria for speaking activities from Biogen Idec and Merck Serono; Dr Messina has received honoraria for speaking activities from Biogen Idec; E. Bruno, G. Quattrocchi, C. G. Chisari, D. Maimone and S. Cilia report no disclosure.
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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele; each participant provided written informed consent before any study related procedure.
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F. Patti and A. Nicoletti equally contributed to the manuscript.
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Patti, F., Nicoletti, A., Messina, S. et al. Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a population-based survey in Catania, Sicily. J Neurol 262, 923–930 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7661-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7661-3