Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Self-Assessment Disability Scale in patients with Parkinson’s disease in Serbia

  • Original Communication
  • Published:
Journal of Neurology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) worsen over time affecting performance and causing disability. The purpose of this study was to translate the Self-Assessment Disability Scale in patients with Parkinson's disease (SADS-PD) into the Serbian language and assess its validity and reliability. From January to July 2012, 114 consecutive PD patients were recruited at the Neurology Clinic in Belgrade. The inclusion criteria were: ability to walk independently for at least 10 m, ability to stand for at least 90 s. The exclusion criteria were: cognitive impairment, the presence of other major neurologic, psychiatric, visual, audio-vestibular, and orthopedic disturbances. The 25-item SADS-PD was translated according to internationally-accepted methodology. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Test–retest reliability was evaluated using Kendall’s concordance coefficient for total scores. To evaluate construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis, varimax rotation) was performed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.984. Kendall’s concordance coefficient was 0.994. Duration of the disease, Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score, history of falls, Hamilton’s Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HDRS and HARS) scores were significantly correlated with the total SADS-PD score. On factor analysis 25 items in the SADS-PD questionnaire were separated in two clusters with total matrix variance of 79.7 %. The psychometric properties of the cross-culturally adapted SADS-PD questionnaire (Serbian version) have outstanding validity and reliability as an instrument for evaluation of the extent of disability in patients with PD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Jahanshahi M, Krack P, Litvan I, Macias R, Bezard E, Obeso JA (2009) Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease: features and pathophysiological mechanisms. Lancet Neurol 8:1128–1139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Dal Bello-Haas V, Klassen L, Sheppard MS, Metcalfe A (2011) Psychometric properties of activity, self-efficacy, and quality of life measures in individuals with Parkinson disease. Physiother Can 63(1):47–57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Singer C (2012) Managing the patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Cleve Clin J Med 9(Suppl 2):S3–S7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Olanow CW, Stern MB, Sethi K (2009) The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 72(21 Suppl 4):S1–S136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Goetz CG, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P et al (2007) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): process, format, and clinimetric testing plan. Mov Disord 22(1):41–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wade DT (1992) Measurement in neurological rehabilitation. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  8. Brown R, MacCarthey B, Jahanshai M, Marsden D (1989) Accuracy of self-reported disability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 46:955–959

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Biemans MA, Dekker J, van der Woude LH (2001) The internal consistency and validity of the Self-Assessment Parkinson’s disease disability scale. Clin Rehabil 15(2):221–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kliford I, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: a clinicopathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 55:181–184

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) ‘Mini-Mental State’: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients with the clinician. J Psychiatr 12:189–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hamilton M (1967) Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 6:278–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hamilton M (1959) The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 32:50–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Guillemin F (1995) Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of health status measures. Scand J Rheumatol 24:61–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bland JM, Altman DG (1997) Cronbach’s alpha. Br Med J 317:572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Harrison MB, Wylie SA, Frysinger RC et al (2009) UPDRS activity of daily living score as a marker of Parkinson’s disease progression. Mov Disord 24:224–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sampaio C (2009) Can focusing on UPDRS Part II make assessments of Parkinson disease progression more efficient? Nat Clin Pract Neurol 5(3):130–131

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Feinstein S, Feinstein R, Sabrow S (2010) Gender inequality in the division of household labour in Tanzania. Afr Sociol Rev 14(2):98–109

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fuwa M (2004) Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries. Am Sociol Rev 69(6):751–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Harryson L, Novo M, Hammarström A (2012) Is gender inequality in the domestic sphere associated with psychological distress among women and men? results from the Northern Swedish Cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 66(3):271–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Doucet A (1995) Gender equality and gender differences in household work and parenting. Wom Stud Int Forum 18(3):271–284

    Google Scholar 

  22. Popović K (2007) Adult education and gender issues in Serbia. European infonet adult education. Available at: http://www.infonet-ae.eu/sw/articles/adult-education-and-gender-issues-in-serbia-0236

  23. Tavakol M, Dennick R (2011) Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ 2:53–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Costello AB, Osborne JW (2005) Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval 10(7):173–178

    Google Scholar 

  25. Spica V, Pekmezovic T, Svetel M, Kostic VS (2013) Prevalence of non-motor symptoms in young-onset versus late-onset Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 260(1):131–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P, Brown RG et al (2007) The metric properties of a novel non-motor symptoms scale for Parkinson’s disease: results from an international pilot study. Mov Disord 22:1901–1911

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ziemssen T, Reichmann H (2007) Non-motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Park Relat Disord 13(6):323–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We sincerely appreciate Dr Richard G. Brown for allowing us to adapt the original version of the SADS-PD. The authors would like to thank Ivana Gligorijevic and Mitar Pljevaljcic for forward and backward translations of the SADS-PD as well as Professor Goran Trajkovic, for final statistical consultancy. This investigation was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (Grants No 175087 and 175090).

Conflicts of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska, 26A, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Tatjana Gazibara, Darija Kisic Tepavcevic & Tatjana Pekmezovic

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Iva Stankovic, Aleksandra Tomic, Marina Svetel & Vladimir S. Kostic

Authors
  1. Tatjana Gazibara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iva Stankovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aleksandra Tomic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marina Svetel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Darija Kisic Tepavcevic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Vladimir S. Kostic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Tatjana Pekmezovic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tatjana Pekmezovic.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gazibara, T., Stankovic, I., Tomic, A. et al. Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Self-Assessment Disability Scale in patients with Parkinson’s disease in Serbia. J Neurol 260, 1970–1977 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6906-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-013-6906-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation