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Epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attacks in the population of the territories adjacent to the former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan

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Abstract

The issue of radiation exposure as a potential cause of cerebrovascular disease raises many concerns. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) along with the associated risk factors among the population of East Kazakhstan exposed to ionising radiation from the former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in comparison with the unexposed population of the same region. This 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study included the data on 10,970 patients, of whom the majority (62.3%) suffered from ischemic stroke, 11.7% had hemorrhagic stroke and the remaining 26.0% had TIA. At the moment when stroke/TIA happened, exposed patients were younger than the unexposed (mean age 63 years versus 64 years, p < 0.001) and showed higher rates of nearly all associated comorbidities, which commonly were more severe. Besides, exposed patients showed a higher risk of stroke lethality in contrast with the unexposed. The observed features might indicate that people residing in the vicinity of the SNTS are vulnerable to cerebrovascular disease and thus, this study contributes to timely recognition of this public health problem. In addition, a longitudinal study has to be envisaged to clarify whether there is any cause-effect relationship between exposure to radiation from the SNTS and the development of stroke or transient ischemic attacks.

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Acknowledgements

The data were collected as a part of the doctorate program in medicine of Idaliya Rakhimova, which was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science, Kazakhstan.

Funding

This study received no funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan

    Yuliya Semenova & Talgat Khaibullin

  2. Department of Cardiology and Interventional Arrhythmology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan

    Idaliya Rakhimova

  3. Republican Center of Allergology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Tair Nurpeissov

  4. Department of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Galiya Alikeyeva

  5. Hospital No 38 named after N.I. Semashko, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

    Vitalii Kovalchuk

  6. East Kazakhstan Regional Hospital, Stroke Center, Ust’-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan

    Yelena Ainabekova

  7. Department of Personalized Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan

    Oksana Yurkovskaya

  8. Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Natalya Glushkova

  9. Department of Emergency Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan

    Lyudmila Pivina

  10. School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

    Antonio Sarria-Santamera

  11. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

    Zhanar Abdrakhmanova

  12. Department of Interventional Arrhythmology, National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

    Ayan Abdrakhmanov

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  1. Yuliya Semenova
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  2. Idaliya Rakhimova
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All authors have equally contributed to the intellectual content of the present paper, associated revision and critical discussion.

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Correspondence to Yuliya Semenova.

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Semenova, Y., Rakhimova, I., Nurpeissov, T. et al. Epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attacks in the population of the territories adjacent to the former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Kazakhstan. Radiat Environ Biophys 61, 17–28 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-021-00955-1

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