Abstract
Boron geochemistry can track fluid–rock interaction during metamorphic evolution and provides important insights into mass transfer processes in subduction zones. This study presents boron concentration and isotopic data for white mica (phengite and paragonite) and tourmaline in an ultra-high pressure (UHP) metapelitic schist from the western Tianshan (Xinjiang Province, China). The pelitic schist experienced dehydration during heating related to the onset of exhumation, which is recorded by phengite and tourmaline formed during this stage. Boron isotope ratios in phengite decreased from – 8.5 to – 16.0 ‰ (relative to NIST SRM 951) with increasing temperature from 525 to 575 °C. This is recorded in a correlated decrease of 11B/10B ratios, B content and Si content of phengite. Thus, the B isotopes of released fluids during decompression–heating evolved from 0 to – 6.9 ‰, consistent with a preferential loss of isotopically heavy B during dehydration. The formation of BSE-dark zones in tourmaline with relatively light δ11B values (– 9 to – 6‰) and high Mg# (0.65–0.68) could be related with fluids released during this stage. In a second stage, paragonite formed in a rehydration process during advanced exhumation. During interaction with external fluids, boron concentrations and isotopic values in paragonite increased: B concentration range from 72 to 232 μg/g, and δ11B increased from – 15.6 to – 2.5 ‰. Fluid-fractionation modeling demonstrates that the external fluid [(B) = 340 ± 20 μg/g; δ11B = + 8 ± 2 ‰] may have been derived from high-δ11B serpentinites that occur in the study area (δ11B between – 1 and + 8 ‰). In response to hydration, tourmaline likely developed BSE-light zones with heavier δ11B values (− 4 to − 2‰) and lower Mg# (0.62–0.64). Boron geochemistry of white micas and tourmaline improve our understanding of mass transfer during metamorphic processes in subduction zones; it allows us to identify the influence of both closed-system recrystallization events and the effect and likely source of externally derived fluids.
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Acknowledgements
We thank D. Hezel (Goethe-Universität Frankfurt) for help with electron microprobe work. We appreciate that constructive comments by R. Halama and two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. D. Rubatto is thanked greatly for comments and editorial handling of the manuscript. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 91755206, 41972056, and 41622202).
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Supplementary Information
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410_2022_1916_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
Supplementary file2 (PDF 21669 KB) Geological map of the Western Tianshan, China. (a) Simplified tectonic framework of the western part of the Chinese Tianshan (modified after Tian and Wei, 2013); (b) Schematic cross-section of the western Tianshan showing northward subduction of the Tarim Plate underneath the Central Tianshan Plate and the relative positions of the UHP and HP sub-belts (modified after Zhang et al., 2013); (c) Simplified geological map of the western Tianshan HP/UHP metamorphic belt showing sample localities, modified after Hu et al. (2021) and Tan et al. (2019)
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Supplementary file3 (PDF 96 KB) The relationship between B concentrations calculated from 11B signal intensity of faraday cup and B concentrations determined by LA-ICPMS based on 29Si as an internal reference isotope. The former is calculated based on the signal intensity on the NIST-SRM612 glass and are not corrected for differences in ablation efficiency between glass and mica; hence the factor of approximately 2.3 difference in concentration estimates
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Supplementary file4 (PDF 4383 KB) Supplementary photomicrographs of garnet in the investigated metapelite K9108 from the western Tianshan, China. (a) Inclusions and ilmenite exsolution lamellae in garnet; (b) Garnet showing well-preserved compositional growth zonation (back-scattered image, orange spots represent the data profile in Fig. 2a)
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Supplementary file5 (PDF 20 KB) Histogram of all tourmaline boron isotope analyses (δ11B; n = 174) in UHP metapelite K9108 from western Tianshan, China
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Supplementary file6 (PDF 89 KB) Trace-element diagrams for phengite in UHP metapelite K9108 from western Tianshan, China
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Xu, J., Zhang, G.B., Marschall, H.R. et al. Boron isotopes of white mica and tourmaline in an ultra-high pressure metapelite from the western Tianshan, China: dehydration and metasomatism during exhumation of subducted ocean-floor sediments. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 46 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01916-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01916-7