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Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Li isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites, eastern Tibetan Plateau: implications for Li mineralization

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Abstract

The intimate spatial relationship between the Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites (hosting the largest Li ore deposit in China) and the Majingzi granite pluton allows us to explore the origin of pegmatites and associated Li-mineralization mechanism by examining the trace elements and Sr–Nd–Li isotopes of the two rock units in eastern Tibetan plateau. The Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites show extremely low CaO, TFe2O3, MgO, Sr and Ba, and high Li and Rb when compared with the adjacent Majingzi two-mica granite, and their initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.7212–0.7249, obtained from apatite) are significantly higher than those of the granite and the surrounding Xikang Group metapelites (0.7128–0.7163). Whole rock Li isotopes analyses yield δ7Li values of + 0.3 to + 1.9‰ for the Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites, − 0.5 to − 0.8‰ for the Majingzi two-mica granite, and − 3.2 to + 2.4‰ for the Xikang Group metapelites, respectively. Modeling studies on trace elements and Li isotopes consistently demonstrate that the Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites are unlikely to have been originated from extreme differentiation of the Majingzi two-mica granite as traditionally thought. Instead, they could be directly generated by low degrees (5–20%) of muscovite-dehydration melting of a mixed source dominated by Li-rich claystones and subordinate Xikang Group metapelites under amphibolite facies conditions. We suggest that the existence of Li-rich claystone interlayers (probably accompanied by evaporates and carbonates) in the source is crucial to pegmatitic spodumene mineralization. This explains the abundance of fluxing components and Li mineralization in the Jiajika pegmatite, and the general observation that Li-rich pegmatites always show Li isotopic compositions lighter than the Li-poor counterparts in the same orogenic belt.

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source rocks and melts, respectively, F is the fraction of melts formed, and D is the bulk distribution coefficient of the residual solid (Jolliff et al. 1992). Ticks on lines represent the degrees of partial melting

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Acknowledgements

Hai-ou Gu, Yanjiao Chen and Xunfei Li are thanked for their assistance in Li isotopic analyses. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers and the editor-in-chief for their insightful comments that led to significant improvement of the manuscript. This work is funded by two grants (#42030303 and #41872051) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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  1. Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 15000, China

    Hui Zhao

  2. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Hui Zhao, Bin Chen, Chuang Bao & Qian Yang

  3. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Street, Hefei, 230009, China

    Chao Huang

  4. Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Rui Cao

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Zhao, H., Chen, B., Huang, C. et al. Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Li isotopic constraints on the genesis of the Jiajika Li-rich pegmatites, eastern Tibetan Plateau: implications for Li mineralization. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01869-3

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