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Phase-equilibrium geobarometers for silicic rocks based on rhyolite-MELTS. Part 4: Plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, glass geobarometer, and application to Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

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Abstract

A new phase equilibria geobarometer determines magmatic storage and crystallization conditions, including pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity (\({f_{{{\text{o}}_2}}}\)), and the presence of a fluid phase for glass-bearing rocks containing the assemblage plagioclase + pyroxene(s). This newly developed geobarometer can better constrain crystallization conditions of shallow (< 500 MPa; <~ 20 km), glass-bearing andesites to dacites. The geobarometer utilizes rhyolite-MELTS to determine crystallization conditions in natural pumice and scoria samples. The validity of the geobarometer is tested by comparing it to results from experiments. Uncertainties are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. We apply the geobarometer to the plag + opx + cpx-bearing system of Mt. Ruapehu, in the southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. The samples from Mt. Ruapehu are tested from ~ 5 to ~ 400 MPa and from super-liquidus to 90% crystalline (~ 1200 to ~ 700 °C). Mt. Ruapehu serves as a methodological testing ground for the geobarometer, and results from our geobarometer agree with recent Mt. Ruapehu studies. Results show a distribution of crystallization pressures ranging from 50 to 150 MPa (~ 2.0 to 5.9 km) for different eruptions, with modes of 110 MPa (~ 4.3 km) and 130 MPa (~ 5.1 km). These are consistent with field interpretations of different eruptive styles based on juvenile clast textures and previous knowledge of the magma plumbing system. Mt. Ruapehu magmas are fluid saturated, with \({f_{{{\text{o}}_2}}}\) of ΔQFM ~ + 1 (NNO).

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Acknowledgements

Funding support provided by NSF grants EAR-1151337 to Gualda and EAR-1321924 to Ghiorso, by University of Canterbury Doctoral Scholarship, the University of Canterbury Mason Trust Fund, a Project Tongariro Memorial Award and a Royal Society of New Zealand International Mobility Fund Grant (IMF14-02) to Cowlyn.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351805, Nashville, TN, 37235-1805, USA

    Lydia J. Harmon & Guilherme A. R. Gualda

  2. University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Upper Riccarton, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand

    James Cowlyn

  3. OFM Research - West, 7336 24th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA

    Mark S. Ghiorso

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  1. Lydia J. Harmon
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Harmon, L.J., Cowlyn, J., Gualda, G.A.R. et al. Phase-equilibrium geobarometers for silicic rocks based on rhyolite-MELTS. Part 4: Plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, glass geobarometer, and application to Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand. Contrib Mineral Petrol 173, 7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1428-z

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