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Partial melting of secondary pyroxenite at 1 and 1.5 GPa, and its role in upwelling heterogeneous mantle

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Abstract

We performed partial melting experiments at 1 and 1.5 GPa, and 1180–1400 °C, to investigate the melting under mantle conditions of an olivine-websterite (GV10), which represents a natural proxy of secondary (or stage 2) pyroxenite. Its subsolidus mineralogy consists of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine and spinel (+garnet at 1.5 GPa). Solidus temperature is located between 1180 and 1200 °C at 1 GPa, and between 1230 and 1250 °C at 1.5 GPa. Orthopyroxene (±garnet), spinel and clinopyroxene are progressively consumed by melting reactions to produce olivine and melt. High coefficient of orthopyroxene in the melting reaction results in relatively high SiO2 content of low melt fractions. After orthopyroxene exhaustion, melt composition is controlled by the composition of coexisting clinopyroxene. At increasing melt fraction, CaO content of melt increases, whereas Na2O, Al2O3 and TiO2 behave as incompatible elements. Low Na2O contents reflect high partition coefficient of Na between clinopyroxene and melt (\(D_{{{\text{Na}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}}^{{{\text{cpx}}/{\text{liquid}}}}\)). Melting of GV10 produces Quartz- to Hyperstene-normative basaltic melts that differ from peridotitic melts only in terms of lower Na2O and higher CaO contents. We model the partial melting of mantle sources made of different mixing of secondary pyroxenite and fertile lherzolite in the context of adiabatic oceanic mantle upwelling. At low potential temperatures (T P < 1310 °C), low-degree melt fractions from secondary pyroxenite react with surrounding peridotite producing orthopyroxene-rich reaction zones (or refertilized peridotite) and refractory clinopyroxene-rich residues. At higher T P (1310–1430 °C), simultaneous melting of pyroxenite and peridotite produces mixed melts with major element compositions matching those of primitive MORBs. This reinforces the notion that secondary pyroxenite may be potential hidden components in MORB mantle source.

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Acknowledgements

The manuscript greatly benefited of insightful reviews by two anonymous referees. We also thank the fruitful comments and editorial handling by Othmar Müntener. Constructive criticism by Anika Mallik improved an early version of the paper. We are grateful to Sarah Lambart for discussion on modeling. Andrea Risplendente is thanked for technical assistance during the work by electron microprobe. This work was financially supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [PRIN-2015C5LN35] “Melt rock reaction and melt migration in the MORB mantle through combined natural and experimental studies”.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “Ardito Desio”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133, Milan, Italy

    G. Borghini & P. Fumagalli

  2. DISTAV, Università di Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy

    E. Rampone

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  1. G. Borghini
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Borghini, G., Fumagalli, P. & Rampone, E. Partial melting of secondary pyroxenite at 1 and 1.5 GPa, and its role in upwelling heterogeneous mantle. Contrib Mineral Petrol 172, 70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1387-4

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