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A 5 million year record of compositional variations in mantle sources to magmatism on Santiago, southern Cape Verde archipelago

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Abstract

High-precision Pb isotope data and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data are presented together with major and trace element data for samples spanning the 4.6 Ma history of volcanism at Santiago, in the southern Cape Verde islands. Pb isotope data confirm the positive Δ8/4 signature of the southern islands indicating that the north–south compositional heterogeneity in the Cape Verde archipelago has persisted for at least 4.6 Ma. The Santiago volcanics show distinct compositional differences between the old, intermediate and young volcanics, and suggest greater involvement of an enriched mantle (EM1)-like source over time. Isotopic variations in the Santiago volcanics indicate convergence towards a homogeneous EM1-like end-member and distinct temporal variations in the FOZO-like end-member. Santiago and Santo Antão (a northern island, Holm et al. 2006), show a simultaneous decrease in 208Pb/204Pb of the high 206Pb/204Pb FOZO-like source with time. Such systematic archipelago-wide variations in the FOZO-like component suggest that this component is more likely to be present as a coherent package of recycled ocean crust rather than as multiple small heterogeneities dispersed in the upwelling mantle. The temporal variations in 208Pb/204Pb reflect minor lateral variations in Th/U of this recycled ocean crust package entering the melting zone beneath the islands. The location of the EM1-like component is more equivocal. A shallow lithospheric location is possible, but this would require a coincidence between spatial compositional variations in the lithosphere (EM1 is spatially restricted to the southern islands) and flow lines in the upwelling mantle revealed by seismic anisotropy. Therefore, we favour a deeper asthenospheric mantle source for the EM1-like source.

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Acknowledgments

The Danish National Research Foundation provided funding for this research through a grant to the former Danish Lithosphere Centre. We would like to thank David Ulfbeck, Martin Bizzarro and Toby Leeper for assistance with analytical work. We thank Gitte Pedersen and Martin Jebens for contributing samples and data to this study. We acknowledge the Danish Natural Science Research Council (SNF) for Grant 980197 awarded to Paul Martin Holm. We thank Andreas Stracke, John Lassiter and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden

    Abigail K. Barker

  2. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 K, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Paul M. Holm

  3. Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    David W. Peate

  4. School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand

    Joel A. Baker

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  1. Abigail K. Barker
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  2. Paul M. Holm
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  3. David W. Peate
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  4. Joel A. Baker
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Correspondence to Abigail K. Barker.

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Communicated by C. Ballhaus.

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Barker, A.K., Holm, P.M., Peate, D.W. et al. A 5 million year record of compositional variations in mantle sources to magmatism on Santiago, southern Cape Verde archipelago. Contrib Mineral Petrol 160, 133–154 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0470-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0470-x

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