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Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington

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Abstract

Strontium, Nd, Pb, Hf, Os, and O isotope compositions for 30 Quaternary lava flows from the Mount Adams stratovolcano and its basaltic periphery in the Cascade arc, southern Washington, USA indicate a major component from intraplate mantle sources, a relatively small subduction component, and interaction with young mafic crust at depth. Major- and trace-element patterns for Mount Adams lavas are distinct from the rear-arc Simcoe volcanic field and other nearby volcanic centers in the Cascade arc such as Mount St. Helens. Radiogenic isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, and Hf) compositions do not correlate with geochemical indicators of slab-fluids such as (Sr/P) n and Ba/Nb. Mass-balance modeling calculations, coupled with trace-element and isotopic data, indicate that although the mantle source for the calc-alkaline Adams basalts has been modified with a fluid derived from subducted sediment, the extent of modification is significantly less than what is documented in the southern Cascades. The isotopic and trace-element compositions of most Mount Adams lavas require the presence of enriched and depleted mantle sources, and based on volume-weighted chemical and isotopic compositions for Mount Adams lavas through time, an intraplate mantle source contributed the major magmatic mass of the system. Generation of basaltic andesites to dacites at Mount Adams occurred by assimilation and fractional crystallization in the lower crust, but wholesale crustal melting did not occur. Most lavas have Tb/Yb ratios that are significantly higher than those of MORB, which is consistent with partial melting of the mantle in the presence of residual garnet. δ 18O values for olivine phenocrysts in Mount Adams lavas are within the range of typical upper mantle peridotites, precluding involvement of upper crustal sedimentary material or accreted terrane during magma ascent. The restricted Nd and Hf isotope compositions of Mount Adams lavas indicate that these isotope systems are insensitive to crustal interaction in this juvenile arc, in stark contrast to Os isotopes, which are highly sensitive to interaction with young, mafic material in the lower crust.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from NSF (EAR-9980512, EAR-0309853), GSA, Sigma Xi, and the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mike Spicuzza assisted in analysis of oxygen isotope ratios. Judy Fierstein was a partner in the mapping and stratigraphy on which this investigation was based. Reviews by Michael Clynne, Michael Sawlan, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Brian R. Jicha, Garret L. Hart, Clark M. Johnson, Brian L. Beard & John W. Valley

  2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, 1228 Webster, Pullman, WA, 99163-2812, USA

    Garret L. Hart

  3. US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road MS910, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Wes Hildreth

  4. Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W, Washington DC, 20015, USA

    Steven B. Shirey

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Jicha, B.R., Hart, G.L., Johnson, C.M. et al. Isotopic and trace element constraints on the petrogenesis of lavas from the Mount Adams volcanic field, Washington. Contrib Mineral Petrol 157, 189–207 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0329-6

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