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Urinary Metals, Arsenic, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Risk of Self-reported Emphysema in the US Adult Population

  • ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE AND PULMONARY DISEASE
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Metal and chemical exposure can cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases in humans. The purpose of this analysis was to analyze 14 types of urinary metals including mercury, uranium, tin, lead, antimony, barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, manganese, strontium, thallium, tungsten, six types of speciated arsenic, total arsenic and seven forms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the link with self-reported emphysema in the US adult population.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis using the 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets was conducted. A specialized weighted complex survey design analysis package was used in analyzing the data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between urinary metals, arsenic, and PAHs and self-reported emphysema among all participants and among non-smokers only. Models were adjusted for lifestyle and demographic factors.

Results

A total of 4,181 adults were analyzed. 1-Hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxypyrene, and 2 & 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were positively associated with self-reported emphysema. Positive associations were also observed in cadmium and cesium with self-reported emphysema. Among non-smokers, quantiles among 2-hydroxynaphthalene, arsenocholine, total urinary arsenic, cesium, and tin were associated with increased odds of self-reported emphysema. Quantiles among 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, cadmium, manganese, lead, antimony, thallium, and tungsten were associated with an inverse relationship with self-reported emphysema in non-smokers.

Conclusion

The study determined that six types of urinary PAHs, cadmium, and cesium are positively associated with self-reported emphysema. Certain quantiles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene, arsenocholine, total urinary arsenic, cesium, and tin are positively associated with self-reported emphysema among non-smokers.

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Data Availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in the NHANES repository provided by the CDC to the public.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA

    Humairat H. Rahman

  2. Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA

    Danielle Niemann

  3. Data Forward Analytics, LLC, Principal, Las Cruces, NM, 88011, USA

    Stuart H. Munson-McGee

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Contributions

HHR conceptualized the study and contributed to the introduction, discussion and drafting of the paper. SMM conducted the data analysis, methods and contributed to the drafting of the paper. DN contributed to the introduction, discussion and drafting of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Humairat H. Rahman.

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Not applicable. This study uses only secondary data analyses without any personal information identified using statistical data from the NHANES website, no further ethical approval for conducting the present study is required.

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Rahman, H.H., Niemann, D. & Munson-McGee, S.H. Urinary Metals, Arsenic, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Risk of Self-reported Emphysema in the US Adult Population. Lung 200, 237–249 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-022-00518-1

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