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EEG microstate co-specificity in schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder

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Abstract

The past 20 years of research on EEG microstates has yielded the hypothesis that the imbalance pattern in the temporal dynamics of microstates C (increased) and D (decreased) is specific to schizophrenia. A similar microstate imbalance has been recently found in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present high-density EEG study was to examine whether this pathological microstate pattern is co-specific to schizophrenia and OCD. We compared microstate temporal dynamics using Bayesian analyses, transition probabilities analyses and the Topographic Electrophysiological State Source-Imaging method for source reconstruction in 24 OCD patients and 28 schizophrenia patients, respectively, free of comorbid psychotic and OCD symptoms, and 27 healthy controls. OCD and schizophrenia patients exhibited the same increased contribution of microstate C, decreased duration and contribution of microstate D and greater D → C transition probabilities, compared with controls. A Bayes factor of 4.424 for the contribution of microstate C, 4.600 and 3.824, respectively, for the duration and contribution of microstate D demonstrated that there was no difference in microstate patterns between the two disorders. Source reconstruction further showed undistinguishable dysregulations between the Salience Network (SN), associated with microstate C, and the Executive Control Network (ECN), associated with microstate D, and between the ECN and cognitive cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop in the two disorders. The ECN/CSTC loop dysconnectivity was slightly worsened in schizophrenia. Our findings provide substantial evidence for a common aetiological pathway in schizophrenia and OCD, i.e. microstate co-specificity, and same anomalies in salience and external attention processing, leading to co-expression of symptoms.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (BT) upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Carole Chevalier and Maxime Rollin for helping with patients’ recruitment, and Nicolas Bordères and Ryadh Benslimane for helping with patients’ evaluation

Funding

This work was supported by recurrent internal funds from the Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit (Poitiers, France) and Agence Régionale de Santé en Nouvelle Aquitaine (France).

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Author notes

  1. Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet, Carole Wangermez and Pierre-Marie Leblanc have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 370 Avenue Jacques Coeur, 86021, Poitiers, France

    Bérangère Thirioux, Nicolas Langbour, Prasanth Bokam, Issa Wassouf, Carole Wangermez, Pierre-Marie Leblanc, Damien Doolub, Ghina Harika-Germaneau & Nematollah Jaafari

  2. Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, CNRS 7295, 86021, Poitiers, France

    Bérangère Thirioux, Nicolas Langbour, Damien Doolub, Ghina Harika-Germaneau & Nematollah Jaafari

  3. Centre Hospitalier Nord Deux-Sèvres, Parthenay, France

    Issa Wassouf

  4. Centre de Réhabilitation et d’Activités Thérapeutiques Intersectorial de la Vienne, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021, Poitiers, France

    Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet & Carole Wangermez

  5. Centre Médico-Psychologique, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, 86021, Poitiers, France

    Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet & Nematollah Jaafari

  6. Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 86021, Poitiers, France

    Ghina Harika-Germaneau

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Contributions

Conceptualization: BT; data collection: BT, NL; methodology: BT, NL; data analyses: BT, NL, PB; statistical analyses: BT, NL, PB; clinical evaluation: NGB, CW, PML, GHG, BT; writing (original draft): BT; visualization: IW, DD; supervision: BT, NL, NJ; validation: BT, NL, NJ.

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Correspondence to Bérangère Thirioux.

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Thirioux, B., Langbour, N., Bokam, P. et al. EEG microstate co-specificity in schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 274, 207–225 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01642-6

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