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Abdominal ultrasound in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma staging: yes or no?

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Abstract

Purpose

Abdominal ultrasound is a diagnostic staging procedure for distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, currently performed abdominal staging procedures do not follow consistent standards. Therefore, this retrospective study on 498 patients aimed at investigating on abdominal ultrasound as a staging procedure in HNSCC.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of 498 head and neck cancer patients treated in our Department of Head and Neck Surgery between 2008 and 2015 was performed. Disease-related data were collected over a mean follow-up time of 30.3 months, and results of abdominal ultrasound were analyzed.

Results

426 patients received abdominal ultrasound as a staging procedure. 7% (29) were suspicious for metastases. In 19 cases (66%), the detected abnormalities were masses of the liver. In four patients, abdominal metastases were confirmed at the time of initial diagnosis. 16 patients developed abdominal metastases in the course of the disease (on average 623 days after initial diagnosis). 19 out of 20 patients with abdominal metastases had an N2/N3 cervical lymph node status. In this study, the negative predictive value of abdominal ultrasound for HNSCC staging was 99.03%, while the positive predictive value yielded 5.88% (N2/N3-patients).

Conclusion

Only in patients with locally advanced lymph-node-status (N2/N3), abdominal ultrasound can be useful as a staging investigation to exclude abdominal metastasis in HNSCC patients. For N0/N1 patients, abdominal ultrasound might be dispensed. Of note, in case of a positive result, further diagnostic procedures are mandatory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany

    Benedikt Höing, L. Weber, S. Mattheis, T. Hussain, S. Lang & S. Hansen

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    L. Wittig

  3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

    B. A. Stuck

  4. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    J. M. Theysohn & Y. Li

Authors
  1. Benedikt Höing
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  2. L. Wittig
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  3. L. Weber
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  4. B. A. Stuck
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  5. S. Mattheis
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  6. T. Hussain
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  7. S. Lang
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  8. J. M. Theysohn
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  9. Y. Li
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  10. S. Hansen
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Correspondence to Benedikt Höing.

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Höing, B., Wittig, L., Weber, L. et al. Abdominal ultrasound in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma staging: yes or no?. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280, 1885–1891 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07723-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07723-x

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