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Racial and ethnic differences in melasma treatment patterns: a multi-institution study

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Fig. 1

References

  1. Ortonne JP, Arellano I, Berneburg M et al (2009) A global survey of the role of ultraviolet radiation and hormonal influences in the development of melasma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 23(11):1254–1262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03295.x

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Funding

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Author notes

  1. Arash Mostaghimi and Nicholas Theodosakis have equal contribution.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ethiopia D. Getachew, Kanika Kamal, Katherine Young & David H. Xiang

  2. Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit StBH616, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Yevgeniy Semenov & Nicholas Theodosakis

  3. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA, USA

    Arash Mostaghimi

Authors
  1. Ethiopia D. Getachew
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  2. Kanika Kamal
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  3. Katherine Young
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  4. David H. Xiang
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  5. Yevgeniy Semenov
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  6. Arash Mostaghimi
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  7. Nicholas Theodosakis
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Contributions

EG, KK, AM, YS and NT contributed significantly to the conception and research design of the research. EG, KY and NT conducted data analysis and prepared Table 1 and Figure 1. EG, KK and NT played a primary role in drafting the manuscript. KY and DX assisted with data review and manuscript editing and review. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicholas Theodosakis.

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Competing interests

Please refer to the conflict of interests in the Title page of the manuscript and the cover letter.

Conflict of interest

AM declares financial interest and a position on the advisory board of Fig. 1 Beauty, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer Inc. Hims. AM receives fees as a consultant from Digital Diagnostics, Hims and hers, Equillium, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, LEO, Concert Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer Inc, and royalties from Concert and Eli Lilly. AM is the founder of Lucid, Inc. and receives funding from Pfizer Inc. and American Academy of Dermatology. AM is also Secretory/Treasurer of the Medical Dermatology Society. YS reports payment and/or honoraria from Incyte Corporation, Castle Biosciences, Galderma and Sanofi, and has a leadership and/or fiduciary role at the Castle Biosciences and Galderma. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Getachew, E.D., Kamal, K., Young, K. et al. Racial and ethnic differences in melasma treatment patterns: a multi-institution study. Arch Dermatol Res 316, 175 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-024-02974-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-024-02974-6

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