Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the dermis of porokeratosis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Dermatological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Porokeratosis is characterized clinically by annular lesions and histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella (CL) in the epidermis. The underlying mechanism of porokeratosis development remains unclear. We performed immunohistochemical staining of CD1a, langerin, Ki67, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand) in samples from 17 porokeratosis lesions and analyzed the differences in staining patterns among the CL, the inner part of the annular ridge (IC), and the adjacent normal skin (ANS). Numbers of CD1a+ Langerhans cells in the epidermis were reduced and numbers of CD1a+ dermal dendritic cells were significantly increased in the CL and IC compared to those in the ANS. In addition, there was also an increase in FOXP3+ cells in the dermis below the CL and IC. Our findings suggest that Langerhans cells are downregulated in the epidermis in CL and that regulatory T cells and dendritic cells are upregulated in the dermis below the CL. This alteration in the distribution of immune cells, such as various lymphocyte subsets, Langerhans cells, and dermal dendritic cells, may play a key role in the pathomechanisms of porokeratosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aberer W, Schuler G, Stingl G, Hönigsmann H, Wolff K (1981) Ultraviolet light depletes surface markers of Langerhans cells. J Investig Dermatol 76:202–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arranz-Salas I, Sanz-Trelles A, Ojeda DB (2003) p53 alterations in porokeratosis. J Cutan Pathol 30:455–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bencini PL, Tarantino A, Grimalt R, Ponticelli C, Caputo R (1995) Porokeratosis and immunosuppression. Br J Dermatol 132:74–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cao H, Wang Z, Zhang G (2012) Identification of a locus (DSP2) for disseminated superficial porokeratosis at chromosome 12q21.2–24.21. Clin Exp Dermatol 37:672–676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chernosky ME, Freeman RG (1967) Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP). Arch Dermatol 96:611–624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gu CY, Zhang CF, Chen LJ, Xiang LH, Zheng ZZ (2014) Clinical analysis and etiology of porokeratosis. Exp Ther Med 8:737–741

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Kanitakis J (2014) Porokeratoses: an update of clinical, aetiopathogenic and therapeutic features. Eur J Dermatol 24:533–544

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Loser K, Mehling A, Loeser S, Apelt J, Kuhn A, Grabbe S, Schwarz T, Penninger JM, Beissert S (2006) Epidermal RANKL controls regulatory T-cell numbers via activation of dendritic cells. Nat Med 12:1372–1379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Luan J, Niu Z, Zhang J (2011) A novel locus for disseminated superficial porokeratosis maps to chromosome 16q24.1–24.3. Hum Genet 129:329–334

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Magee JW, McCalmont TH, LeBoit PE (1994) Overexpression of p53 tumor suppressor protein in porokeratosis. Arch Dermatol 130:187–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Manganoni A, Faccheti F, Gavazzoni R (1989) Involvement of epidermal Langerhans cells in porokeratosis of immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 21:799–801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McGuigan K, Shurman D, Campanelli C, Lee JB (2009) Porokeratosis ptychotropica: a clinically distinct variant of porokeratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 60:501–503

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nova MP, Goldberg LJ, Mattison T, Halperin A (1991) Porokeratosis arising in a burn scar. J Am Acad Dermatol 25:354–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Otsuka F, Nashiro K, Kobayashi K, Ishibashi Y (1991) Chromosome abnormalities of porokeratosis-cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Comparison with those of cultured dermal fibroblasts. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 56:163–169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Reed RJ, Leone P (1970) Porokeratosis—a mutant clonal keratosis of the epidermis. I. Histogenesis. Arch Dermatol 101:340–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Schamroth JM, Zlotogorski A, Gilead L (1997) Porokeratosis of Mibelli. Overview and review of the literature. Acta Derm Venereol 77:207–213

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Scholzen T, Gerdes J (2000) The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown. J Cell Physiol 182:311–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Schwarz A, Bhardwaj R, Aragane Y, Mahnke K, Riemann H, Metze D, Luger TA, Schwarz T (1995) Ultraviolet-B-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes: evidence for partial involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the formation of sunburn cells. J Investig Dermatol 104:922–927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Shumack S, Commens C, Kossard S (1991) Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. A histological review of 61 cases with particular reference to lymphocytic infiltration. Am J Dermatopathol 23:26–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sertznig P, von Felbert V, Megahed M (2012) Porokeratosis: present concepts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26:404–412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tallon B, Blumental G, Bhawan J (2009) Porokeratosis ptychotropica: a lesser-known variant. Clin Exp Dermatol 34:e895–e897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wing K, Fehérvári Z, Sakaguchi S (2006) Emerging possibilities in the development and function of regulatory T cells. Int Immunol 18:991–1000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wolf P, Maier H, Müllegger RR, Chadwick CA, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Soyer HP, Hofer A, Smolle J, Horn M, Cerroni L, Yarosh D, Klein J, Bucana C, Dunner K Jr, Potten CS, Hönigsmann H, Kerl H, Kripke ML (2000) Topical treatment with liposomes containing T4 endonuclease V protects human skin in vivo from ultraviolet-induced upregulation of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Investig Dermatol 114:149–156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yoshiki R, Kabashima K, Sugita K, Atarashi K, Shimauchi T, Tokura Y (2009) IL-10-producing Langerhans cells and regulatory T cells are responsible for depressed contact hypersensitivity in grafted skin. J Investig Dermatol 129:705–713

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang SQ, Jiang T, Li M (2012) Exome sequencing identifies MVK mutations in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Nat Genet 44:1156–1160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang ZH, Wang ZM, Crosby ME, Wang HF, Xiang LH, Luan J, Gu CY, Zhou J, Niu ZM, Fang X, Huang W, Zheng ZZ (2008) Gene expression profiling of porokeratosis. J Cutan Pathol 35:1058–1062

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan

    Kanako Matsuyama, Yoko Mizutani, Tomoko Takahashi, En Shu, Hiroyuki Kanoh & Mariko Seishima

  2. Division of Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan

    Tatsuhiko Miyazaki

Authors
  1. Kanako Matsuyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yoko Mizutani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tomoko Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. En Shu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hiroyuki Kanoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tatsuhiko Miyazaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Mariko Seishima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariko Seishima.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

None.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in our study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Matsuyama, K., Mizutani, Y., Takahashi, T. et al. Enhanced dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in the dermis of porokeratosis. Arch Dermatol Res 309, 749–756 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-017-1779-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-017-1779-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation