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Validation of the Oxford Knee Score and Lower Extremity Functional Score questionnaires for use in Slovenia

  • Knee Arthroplasty
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

With the increasing prevalence of total knee replacement (TKR) due to knee osteoarthritis, the absence of patient-reported outcome measures in Slovenia must be addressed.

Questions/purposes

(1) We cross-culturally adapted Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) questionnaires to the Slovenian-speaking community. (2) We evaluated OKS and LEFS psychometric characteristics.

Patients and methods

In the first assessment (Time 1) Slovenian versions of both questionnaires (OKS-Slo and LEFS-Slo), knee pain, timed-up to go (TUG) and sit to stand (STS) tests were completed by 123 subjects (55% females), of which 78 were patients scheduled for TKR and 45 were healthy age-matched controls. The questionnaires were assessed one week apart (Time 2) to investigate the test–retest reliability, with 121 subjects (98.4%) completing second measurements.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the two groups. Where patients had greater body mass index, they were slower in TUG, weaker in STS, had greater knee pain in both knees and scored lower on both questionnaires. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that OKS-Slo and LEFS-Slo correlated almost perfectly (correlation coefficient [CC] = .968, p < 0.001). Excellent negative correlations were observed with TUG (OKS-Slo/CC = − 0.679, p < 0.001; LEFS-Slo/CC = − 0.692, p < 0.001) and STS (OKS-Slo/CC = 0.790, p < 0.001; LEFS-Slo/CC = 0.815, p < 0.001) tests, while knee pain of affected leg correlated the most (OKS-Slo/CC = − 0.923, p < 0.001; LEFS-Slo/CC = − 0.915, p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for both the OKS-Slo and LEFS-Slo ranged between 0.87 and 0.99, while the interclass correlation coefficient was excellent; i.e., 0.99. Finally, both questionnaires proved to be unidimensional measures.

Conclusion

The Slovenian version of both questionnaires is feasible, valid and reliable for use in clinical studies including the older adult population in Slovenia.

Level of evidence

Level III, Diagnostic—case-control study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the participants in the study. The authors also thank orthopaedic surgeon Dr Simon Kovač for organising and managing the daily and initial screenings of the patients and all other involved orthopaedic specialists and staff of Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva 1, Koper, Slovenia

    Armin H. Paravlic, Sasa Pisot & Rado Pisot

  2. Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Čarnojevićeva 10a, Niš, Serbia

    Petar Mitic

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  1. Armin H. Paravlic
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  2. Sasa Pisot
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  3. Petar Mitic
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  4. Rado Pisot
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Correspondence to Armin H. Paravlic.

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Paravlic, A.H., Pisot, S., Mitic, P. et al. Validation of the Oxford Knee Score and Lower Extremity Functional Score questionnaires for use in Slovenia. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140, 1515–1522 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03498-0

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