Abstract
Microencapsulated n-octadecane with melamine–formaldehyde resin (MF) shell was synthesized by in situ polymerization. Ammonium chloride was used to reduce the residual formaldehyde content of microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) caused by the inherent characteristics of MF. Moreover, microPCMs were heat-treated at 160 °C for 30 min. The surface morphology of the microPCMs fabricated at various microencapsulation periods was examined, and the shell thickness was measured. The effects of heat treatment on the surface morphology, residual formaldehyde content, phase change properties, and thermal stability of the microcapsules were systematically investigated. The globular surface of microcapsules fabricated at microencapsulation period of 120 min was smooth and compact with an average diameter about 2.2 μm, and the shell thickness was ranged from 30 to 70 nm. The thermal stability of heat-treated microcapsules enhanced significantly as microencapsulation period increased; in addition, the residual formaldehyde content of microcapsules decreased from 125 ± 1 mg/kg to 19 ± 1 mg/kg.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Green BK, Schleicher L (1957) USP 2800457
Park SJ, Kim SH (2004) J Colloid Intern Sci 271:336
Xing FB, Cheng GX, Yang BX et al (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 91:2669
Chu LY, Liang YJ, Chen WM et al (2004) Colloid Surf B Biointerface 37:9
Meng FT, Ma GH, Liu YD et al (2004) Colloid Surf B Biointerface 33:177
Comiskey B, Albert JD, Yoshizawa H et al (1998) Nature 394:253
Chen Y, Au J, Kazlas P et al (2003) Nature 423:136
Ju HK, Kim JW, Han SH et al (2002) Colloid Polym Sci 280:879
Zhang XX, Wang XC, Tao XM et al (2005) J Mater Sci 40:3729
Kim J, Cho G (2002) Textile Res J 12:1093
Bryant YG, Colvin DP (1992) New Text-new Tech, Techtextile Symposium, Frankfurt, Germany, 1
Colvin DP (1999) Adv Heat Mass Transfer Biotech ASME HTD-363/BED-44:199
Su JF, Wang LX, Ren L (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 97:1755
Chaurasia PBL (2000) Energy Convers Manag 41:1569
Yamagishi Y, Takeuchi H, Pyatenko AT et al (1999) AIChE J 45:696
Zhang XX, Fan YF, Tao XM et al (2004) Mater Chem Phys 88:300
Charunyakorn P, Sengupta S, Roy SK (1991) Int J Heat Mass Transfer 34:819
Brown RC, Rasberry JD, Overmann SP (1998) Powder Tech 98:217
Zhang XX, Fan YF, Tao XM et al (2005) J Colloid Interface Sci 281:299
Cho JS, Kwon A, Cho CG (2002) Colloid Polym Sci 280:260
Lee YH, Kim CA, Jang WH et al (2001) Polymer 42:8277
Zanetti M, Pizzi A (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 88:287
Fan YF, Zhang XX, Wu SZ et al (2005) Thermochimica Acta 429:25
Biastoch R, Frank G (2001) USP 6224795
Ge YR, Feng W (2003) China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (Chinese) 33:337
Yang MG, Wang TR, Jin YF (2005) Chinese Journal of Current Practical Medicine (Chinese) 14:80
Ren XL, Wang LX, Ren L, Su JF (2005) J Funct Mat (Chinese) 11(36):1722
Song ZH, Zhang ZY, Dong ZZ, Wu SZ, Wang SG (2006) J Tianjin Polytechnic University (Chinese) 25(3):5
Zhang XX, Tao XM, Yick KL, Fan YF (2005) J Appl Polym Sci 97:390
Zhang XX, Tao XM, Yick KL (2004) Colloid Polym Sci 282:330
Freund M, Csikós R, Keszthelyi S, Mózes GY (1982) Paraffin products, properties, technologies, applications. Elsevier Scientific, Amsterdam, pp 14–15
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50073015) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20050058004) for financial supports.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, W., Wang, J., Wang, X. et al. Effects of ammonium chloride and heat treatment on residual formaldehyde contents of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules. Colloid Polym Sci 285, 1691–1697 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-007-1744-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-007-1744-3