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Sol–gel transitions of sodium montmorillonite dispersions by cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides) (surface modification of bentonites, IV)

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Abstract

Poly(ethylene oxides), PEO, end-capped with hexadecyl dimethylammonium, HDDMA+, and trimethylammonium hexyldimethylammonium, THA2+, changed distinctly the sol–gel transition of sodium montmorillonite dispersions. In the presence of HDDMA+-PEO 1,500 and 4,000, domains of sol with increased salt tolerance (c k=550–1,000 mmol NaCl/l) were found at high polymer and low montmorillonite contents. The corresponding PEO of higher molar mass (20,000 and 35,000) led to extended fields of flocs. THA2+-PEO 1,500 formed attractive gels at polymer concentrations >2–5 g/l and montmorillonite contents >0.5%. These gels showed very high yield values. THA2+-PEO of higher molar mass acted as stabilizing agents. The salt tolerance was highest (300–750 mmol/l) in the presence of THA2+-PEO 20,000. The observed sol–gel diagrams reveal the interplay between polymer end-group fixation on the clay mineral particles, polymer conformation, and colloidal stabilization and destabilization mechanisms.

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Notes

  1. In the case of electrostatic stabilization the influence of salt addition is expressed by the critical coagulation concentration whereas in the case of steric stabilization the term salt resistance or tolerance is more appropriate.

  2. In contrast to the longer chain PEO, the higher number of end groups in the interlayer space increases the plateau value of HDDMA+-PEO 1,500 to 1.82 nm. Contraction to 1.64 nm by THA2+-PEO 1,500 is a consequence of the stronger electrostatic interaction between the divalent end groups and the layer charges.

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  1. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany

    G. Lagaly & S. Ziesmer

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Lagaly, G., Ziesmer, S. Sol–gel transitions of sodium montmorillonite dispersions by cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides) (surface modification of bentonites, IV). Colloid Polym Sci 284, 947–956 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-006-1477-8

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