Abstract
Purpose
The leaky gut barrier is an important factor leading to various inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. The nutritional value of honey and variety of its health benefits have long been recognized. This study was undertaken to assess the role of Indian mustard honey in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experimental model systems.
Methods
LPS was used to induce intestinal barrier damage in a trans-well model of Caco-2 cells (1 µg/ml) and in Swiss albino mice (5 mg/kg body weight). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) were used to analyse sugar and phenolic components in honey samples. The Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and paracellular permeability assays. The histopathology of intestinal tissue was analysed by haematoxylin and eosin dual staining. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the transcription of genes. The protein expression was analysed by immunofluorescence, western blot and ELISA-based techniques.
Results
The in vitro data showed that honey prevented LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction dose dependently as was measured by TEER and paracellular flux of FITC-dextran dye. Further, the in vivo data showed a prophylactic effect of orally administered honey as it prevented the loss of intestinal barrier integrity and villus structure. The cellular localization and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins were upregulated along with downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to the administration of honey with LPS.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest a propitious role of honey in the maintenance of TJ protein integrity, thereby preventing LPS-induced intestinal barrier disintegration.
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Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the research grant to PR from National Bee Board, Ministry of Agriculture and Framer’s Welfare, Government of India (No. 6-44/2020-NBB dated 14.01.2021 and 6-29/2022-NBB dated 25.03.2022). SN was supported initially by funding from Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology (File No. BT/AGR/biofort/PHI/NIN/2011) and Ministry of Human Resources, Government of India for providing fellowship. The authors would like to thank the technical assistance of Institute Instrumentation Centre at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India for various experiments.
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PR and SN designed the entire in vitro and in vivo study. SN completed the experiment process, literature search and generation of figures. ND supported in in vivo study. PK and BW provided support for carrying out experiments. SN and PR wrote the manuscript while DS supported in interpreting some data and editing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The entire animal handling and study were performed according to the recommendations in the Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Facility of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India, with prior approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (BT/IAEC/2018/2/06 dated December 07, 2018) of the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
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Nathani, S., Das, N., Katiyar, P. et al. Consumption of honey ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via upregulation of tight junction proteins. Eur J Nutr 62, 3033–3054 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03203-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03203-y