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Soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin damage the intestinal barrier by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory response in weaned piglets

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Abstract

Purpose

Soybean glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) are major antigenic proteins in soybean and can induce a variety of allergic reactions in the young animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 7S and 11S allergens on the intestine of piglets.

Methods

Thirty healthy 21-day-old weaned “Duroc × Long White × Yorkshire” piglets were randomly divided into three groups fed with the basic diet, the 7S supplemented basic diet, or the 11S supplemented basic diet for 1 week. Allergy markers, intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions were detected, and we observed different sections of intestinal tissue. The expressions of genes and proteins related to NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP-3) signaling pathway were detected by IHC, RT-qPCR, and WB.

Results

Severe diarrhea and decreased growth rate were observed in the 7S and 11S groups. Typical allergy markers include IgE production and significant elevations of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). More aggressive intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction were observed in the experimental weaned piglets. In addition, 7S and 11S supplementation increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nitrotyrosine, triggering oxidative stress. Furthermore, higher expression levels of NLRP-3 inflammasome ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were observed in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Conclusion

We confirmed that 7S and 11S damaged the intestinal barrier of weaned piglets and may be associated with the onset of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these reactions deserves further study.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the professors at the College of Animal Science and Technology of Anhui Agricultural University.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31972750).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230061, China

    Lei Wang, Wen Li, Shuzhen Xin, Hongyan Ding, Shibing Feng, Chang Zhao, Jinjie Wu & Xichun Wang

  2. Wolong District Animal Health Supervision Institute, Nanyang, 473000, China

    Shuang Wu

  3. Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Chenglu Peng

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  1. Lei Wang
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  2. Wen Li
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Contributions

JW coordinated the project funding and technical support. LW and CP conceived and designed this research. LW conducted experiments and wrote manuscript. WL, SX, and SW collected experimental samples. JW, DH, YL, SF, XW, and CZ reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jinjie Wu or Xichun Wang.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All experiments were performed in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Laboratory Animals (Ministry of Science and Technology of China; revised in June 2004) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Anhui Agricultural University (Approval number 20210512).

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Wang, L., Li, W., Xin, S. et al. Soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin damage the intestinal barrier by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory response in weaned piglets. Eur J Nutr 62, 2841–2854 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03188-8

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