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Aerobic exercise and vitamin E improve high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats by regulating the AMPK pathway and oxidative stress

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Abstract

Background and aims

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a major chronic liver disease. We explored simple and effective ways to improve NAFLD and investigate the mechanism of action.

Methods

NAFLD was induced in 40 rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the progression and improvement of NAFLD. The treatment-related interventions included aerobic exercise (E) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation. Expression levels of proteins related to fat metabolism were also assessed. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and serum lipid metabolism were analyzed using biochemical methods.

Results

Aerobic exercise and vitamin E effectively improved NAFLD in rats, resulting in decreased hepatic fat accumulation, reduced hepatocyte ballooning, and decreased triglyceride levels. Combination therapy achieved the best effect. Both aerobic exercise and vitamin E activate the AMPK pathway to phosphorylate acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and reduce fatty acid synthesis. The expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) was decreased significantly in the treated groups, particularly in the E + VE + HFD group. The expression of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1C (CPT1C) significantly increased in the treated groups, particularly in the E + VE + HFD group. Compared with the control group, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the E + HFD group were slightly decreased, while that in the VE + HFD group were significantly decreased, with the even greater reduction observed in the E + VE + HFD group.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise and vitamin E supplementation can improve HFD-induced NAFLD in rats by regulating the AMPK pathway and reducing oxidative stress.

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Data availability

Data described in the manuscript will be made available upon request pending application and approval from the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873917).

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Author notes

  1. Yaowei Bai, Tongqiang Li and Jiacheng Liu contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan, 430022, China

    Yaowei Bai, Tongqiang Li, Jiacheng Liu, Yingliang Wang, Chaoyang Wang, Shuguang Ju, Chen Zhou, Yang Chen, Wei Yao & Bin Xiong

  2. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China

    Yaowei Bai, Tongqiang Li, Jiacheng Liu, Yingliang Wang, Chaoyang Wang, Shuguang Ju, Chen Zhou, Yang Chen, Wei Yao & Bin Xiong

  3. Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China

    Bin Xiong

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Contributions

Conception and design of the study: BX, YB, TL, and JL. Generation, collection, assembly, analysis, and/or interpretation of data: YB, YW, CW, SJ, YC, WY, and CZ. Drafting or revision of the manuscript: BX, YB, TL, and JL. Approval of the final version of the manuscript: All authors.

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Correspondence to Bin Xiong.

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The study protocol conformed to the guidelines of the ARRIVE and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. (Approval number: 20220703).

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Bai, Y., Li, T., Liu, J. et al. Aerobic exercise and vitamin E improve high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats by regulating the AMPK pathway and oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 62, 2621–2632 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03179-9

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