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Vitamin B6 intake and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of data from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS)

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Abstract

Purpose

Although vitamin B6 has been suspected to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy, evidence of this in patients with type 2 diabetes based on longitudinal studies is sparse. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The study was part of an examination of a nationwide cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol. After excluding nonresponders to a dietary survey using the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups, 978 patients were analyzed. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a diabetic retinopathy event, and Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for retinopathy according to vitamin B6 intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders.

Results

Mean vitamin B6 intake in quartiles ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 mg/day, and half of the participants had vitamin B6 intake below the recommended daily dietary allowance according to dietary reference intakes in Japanese adults (men 1.4 mg/day; women 1.2 mg/day). After adjusting for confounders, HRs for diabetic retinopathy in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups of vitamin B6 intake compared with the 1st quartile group were 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.81–1.69, p = 0.403), 0.88 (0.58–1.34, p = 0.550), and 0.50 (0.30–0.85, p = 0.010), respectively.

Conclusions

Findings suggested that high vitamin B6 intake was associated with a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 2 diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the late Professor Nobuhiro Yamada, who was a former director of the JDCS and always provided warm spiritual support to us all. We also thank Ms. Mami Haga and Ms. Natsuko Tada, Niigata University, for their excellent secretarial assistance.

Funding

H. S. was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#16H03260) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This work is also financially supported by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan

    Chika Horikawa

  2. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan

    Chika Horikawa, Kazuya Fujihara & Hirohito Sone

  3. Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Rei Aida, Shiro Tanaka & Yukio Yoshimura

  4. Training Department of Administrative Dietitians, Shikoku University, 123-1 Ebisuno, Furukawa, Ojin-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 771-1151, Japan

    Chiemi Kamada

  5. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Sihga, 520-2192, Japan

    Sachiko Tanaka

  6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Atsushi Araki

  7. Health Care Center, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan

    Tatsumi Moriya

  8. The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Nihonbashibakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan

    Yasuo Akanuma

Authors
  1. Chika Horikawa
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  2. Rei Aida
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  3. Chiemi Kamada
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  4. Kazuya Fujihara
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  7. Atsushi Araki
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  8. Yukio Yoshimura
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  9. Tatsumi Moriya
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  10. Yasuo Akanuma
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  11. Hirohito Sone
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Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hirohito Sone.

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Horikawa, C., Aida, R., Kamada, C. et al. Vitamin B6 intake and incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of data from the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS). Eur J Nutr 59, 1585–1594 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02014-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02014-4

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