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Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the consequences of a fructose diet are not mediated by PPAR delta or PGC1 alpha

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Abstract

Purpose

To study, in high-fructose-fed rats, the effect of a dietary enrichment in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular function.

Methods

Twenty-eight male “Wistar Han” rats received for 8 weeks, either a standard chow food or an isocaloric 67 % fructose diet enriched or not in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or in docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) mix (DHA/EPA). After sacrifice, blood was withdrawn for biochemical analyses; heart, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were collected and analyzed for the expression of 22 genes by real-time PCR.

Results

Fructose intake resulted in an increase in liver weight and triglyceride content, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, although no difference in glucose and insulin. In the liver, lipogenesis was promoted as illustrated by an increase in stearoyl-CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) together with a decrease in PPAR gamma, delta and PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha) expression. In the heart, Fasn and PPAR delta expression were increased. The addition of ALA or DHA/EPA into the diet resulted in a protection against fructose effects except for the decreased expression of PPARs in the liver that was not counterbalanced by n-3 PUFA suggesting that n-3 PUFA and fructose act independently on the expression of PPARs and PGC1 alpha.

Conclusions

In liver, but not in heart, the fructose-enriched diet induces an early tissue-specific reduction in PPAR gamma and delta expression, which is insensitive to n-3 PUFA intake and dissociated from lipogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Pr Michel Miniconi for the supervision of statistical tests. This work was supported by the European LipGene project (EU sixth Framework Integrated Program, contract FOOD-CT-2003-505944) WP 1.3.5.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard

    Present address: INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, ER ODEEPHA, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France

  2. Alain Grynberg

    Present address: CRNH IdF, SMBH Université Paris 13, 93000, Bobigny, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aix Marseille Université, NORT, 13005, Marseille, France

    Julie Karsenty, Jean-François Landrier, Alain Margotat, Paule Deprez, Paulette Lechêne, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells & Marguerite Gastaldi

  2. INSERM, UMR_S 1062, 13005, Marseille, France

    Julie Karsenty, Jean-François Landrier, Alain Margotat, Paule Deprez, Paulette Lechêne, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells & Marguerite Gastaldi

  3. INRA, UMR_INRA 1260, 13005, Marseille, France

    Julie Karsenty, Jean-François Landrier, Alain Margotat, Paule Deprez, Paulette Lechêne, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells & Marguerite Gastaldi

  4. Faculté de Pharmacie, INRA, UMR 1154 Nutrition Lipidique et Régulation Fonctionnelle du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Université Paris-Sud 11, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France

    Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard, Vanessa Robbez-Masson & Alain Grynberg

  5. Faculté de médecine, Inserm, NORT, UMR_S1062, 13005, Aix Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France

    Marguerite Gastaldi

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  1. Julie Karsenty
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Correspondence to Marguerite Gastaldi.

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Karsenty, J., Landrier, JF., Rousseau-Ralliard, D. et al. Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the consequences of a fructose diet are not mediated by PPAR delta or PGC1 alpha. Eur J Nutr 52, 1865–1874 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0488-0

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