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Regulatorische T‑Zellen beim systemischen Lupus erythematodes

IL-2 entscheidend für Verlust der Toleranz

Regulatory T‑cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

IL-2 is decisive for loss of tolerance

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Dem systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) liegt ein Versagen der immunologischen Toleranz zugrunde. Regulatorische T‑Zellen (Tregs) sind wesentliche Kontrollpunkte der peripheren Toleranz, indem sie die Funktion autoreaktiver Lymphozyten unterdrücken. Defekte in regulatorischen T‑Zellen sind daher ein möglicher Aspekt der SLE-Pathogenese. Dennoch sind die Arbeiten über Zahlen und Funktionen von Tregs im SLE widersprüchlich, und die definitive Rolle der regulatorischen T‑Zellen ist unklar. In diesem Review werden aktuelle Daten über Treg-Subtypen und ihre Marker im humanen SLE zusammengefasst. Außerdem werden auch Daten von Mausmodellen und Ex-vivo-Experimenten zitiert, die Ansatzpunkte für die Mechanismen liefern, welche zum Zusammenbruch der Toleranz führen. Dabei spielt IL-2 für die Aufrechterhaltung der Funktion von Tregs eine besondere Rolle und wird bereits therapeutisch eingesetzt. Die Identifikation von Markern für Tregs ebenso wie von Therapien, die die Balance zwischen Tregs und autoreaktiven T‑Zellen wiederherstellen, sind zukünftige Herausforderungen der Forschung beim SLE.

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from loss of immunological tolerance. Regulatory T‑cells (Treg) are major gatekeepers of peripheral tolerance by suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes. Defects in Treg function are therefore possible pathogenetic mechanisms of SLE. Despite this fact published work about numbers and functions of Tregs in SLE are contradictory and the definitive role of Treg in SLE remains unclear. In this review we summarize the current literature about Treg subtypes and the phenotypic markers in human SLE. We also discuss data from mouse models and ex vivo experiments, which provide indications for possible mechanisms that contribute to loss of tolerance. We also discuss the role of interleukin 2 (IL-2), which is decisive for the function of Treg and has been used therapeutically in preliminary trials in human SLE. The identification of novel Treg markers and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, which restore the balance between Treg and autoreactive T‑cells are future goals for research in SLE.

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  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Pädiatrische Rheumatologie und Immunologie, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    K. Ohl &  K. Tenbrock

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  1. K. Ohl
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  2. K. Tenbrock
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Correspondence to K. Tenbrock.

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K. Ohl und K. Tenbrock geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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H.-I. Huppertz, Bremen

Unterstützt durch das Interdisziplinäre Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Aachen, E7.

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Ohl, K., Tenbrock, K. Regulatorische T‑Zellen beim systemischen Lupus erythematodes. Z Rheumatol 75, 253–264 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-016-0060-z

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